How do tracking pixels in HTML emails work and can they be removed?

Summary

Tracking pixels, small transparent images embedded in HTML emails, are used to track email opens. When an email is opened and the images are downloaded, the server hosting the pixel records the event. However, deleting the email also deletes the pixel. Modern email clients and browser extensions increasingly offer options to block remote images, preventing tracking. Apple's Mail Privacy Protection (MPP) pre-loads images and masks IP addresses, making open rates unreliable. Due to these challenges, marketers are advised to use alternative engagement metrics such as click-through rates, Google Analytics, personalized URLs, and unique offer codes. Transparency and providing opt-out options are also ethically important. The effectiveness of tracking pixels is diminishing due to user privacy controls.

Key findings

  • Pixel Function: Tracking pixels are embedded images that track email opens via image downloads.
  • Pixel Removal: Deleting an email removes its associated tracking pixel.
  • Blocking Options: Email clients and browser extensions offer options to block image downloads and tracking.
  • MPP Impact: Apple's MPP pre-loads images, leading to inaccurate open rate metrics.
  • Alternative Metrics: Alternative metrics like click-through rates and Google Analytics offer better engagement insights.

Key considerations

  • Privacy Compliance: Comply with privacy regulations and be transparent about tracking practices.
  • Metric Reliability: Recognize the limitations of open rates as a reliable engagement metric.
  • Data Accuracy: Understand that data from tracking pixels may be inaccurate due to privacy measures.
  • Ethical Usage: Obtain consent before tracking and offer clear opt-out options to subscribers.
  • Holistic Measurement: Use a combination of metrics for a comprehensive understanding of user behavior.

What email marketers say
9Marketer opinions

Tracking pixels are tiny, transparent images embedded in HTML emails to track when an email is opened. When the email is opened and images are downloaded, the server hosting the pixel registers the open. However, their reliability is decreasing due to increased privacy measures like image blocking by email clients and Apple's Mail Privacy Protection (MPP), which pre-loads images causing inflated open rates. Alternative methods for measuring engagement include click-through rates, Google Analytics tracking, personalized URLs, and unique offer codes. Transparency with subscribers regarding tracking and providing opt-out options are also important ethical considerations.

Key opinions

  • Pixel Function: Tracking pixels are used to detect when an email is opened by tracking image downloads.
  • Decreasing Reliability: Privacy measures and image blocking by email clients are making tracking pixels less reliable.
  • Inflated Open Rates: Apple's Mail Privacy Protection (MPP) pre-loads images, leading to inaccurate and inflated open rates.
  • Alternative Metrics: Click-through rates, Google Analytics tracking, personalized URLs, and unique offer codes are alternatives to track engagement.

Key considerations

  • Privacy: Consider the ethical implications of using tracking pixels without explicit consent.
  • Transparency: Be transparent with subscribers about tracking practices and offer opt-out options.
  • Data Accuracy: Recognize that tracking pixel data may not be accurate due to privacy measures.
  • Holistic Approach: Use a combination of metrics, not just open rates, to understand user behavior.
Marketer view

Email marketer from HubSpot suggests using click-through rates as an alternative way to measure email engagement when tracking pixels are unreliable. Encouraging recipients to click on links provides a more accurate measure of interest.

December 2024 - HubSpot
Marketer view

Email marketer from SuperOffice raises the ethical considerations of using tracking pixels without explicit consent. They suggest being transparent with subscribers about tracking practices and providing an option to opt-out.

November 2024 - SuperOffice
Marketer view

Email marketer on StackExchange suggests using personalized URLs and unique offer codes to track conversions and engagement instead of relying solely on tracking pixels, which are easily blocked or rendered inaccurate.

March 2023 - StackExchange
Marketer view

Email marketer from Mailjet explains that a tracking pixel is a 1x1 transparent image embedded in HTML emails. When the email is opened, the image is downloaded from a server, which then registers the open. It is primarily used to track open rates.

May 2022 - Mailjet
Marketer view

Email marketer from Gmass suggests using Google Analytics tracking through URL parameters to measure engagement in addition to tracking pixels to gain a better understanding of user behavior after the email is opened.

June 2022 - Gmass
Marketer view

Email marketer on Reddit in r/emailmarketing shares that due to increased privacy measures, tracking pixels are becoming less reliable and suggests focusing on engagement metrics like click-through rates and conversions to measure success.

August 2023 - Reddit
Marketer view

Email marketer from Email on Acid shares that tracking pixels can be blocked by email clients or ad blockers, leading to inaccurate open rates. They also mention that some email clients may cache images, leading to inflated open rates.

August 2024 - Email on Acid
Marketer view

Email marketer from ActiveCampaign explains that email providers like Apple Mail use image proxy which preloads all images, including tracking pixels, which can lead to inflated email open rates, regardless of whether the user actually viewed the email.

August 2022 - ActiveCampaign
Marketer view

Email marketer from Email Geeks explains that pixels are used in HTML emails to track email opens and link clicks. Deleting the email will delete the pixel.

July 2023 - Email Geeks

What the experts say
3Expert opinions

Deleting an email removes the tracking pixel associated with it. Email clients now offer options to block remote images by default, preventing tracking pixels from reporting back to senders. Increased privacy measures such as Apple's Mail Privacy Protection (MPP), which pre-loads images, present challenges in relying on open rates as a reliable metric.

Key opinions

  • Pixel Removal: Deleting the email removes the tracking pixel.
  • Image Blocking: Email clients can block remote images, preventing pixel tracking.
  • MPP Impact: Apple's Mail Privacy Protection (MPP) pre-loads images, impacting open rate accuracy.

Key considerations

  • Open Rate Reliability: Relying solely on open rates as a metric is increasingly unreliable.
  • Privacy Settings: Users have increasing control over blocking tracking attempts.
  • Alternative Metrics: Explore alternative email engagement metrics instead of relying on open rates.
Expert view

Expert from Email Geeks clarifies that deleting the email does delete the tracking pixel along with it.

October 2022 - Email Geeks
Expert view

Expert from Word to the Wise mentions the challenges in relying on open rates due to increased privacy measures like Apple's Mail Privacy Protection (MPP). This feature essentially pre-loads images, making it difficult to accurately track genuine opens.

May 2024 - Word to the Wise
Expert view

Expert from Spam Resource explains that many email clients now offer options to block remote images by default, effectively preventing tracking pixels from reporting back to the sender. Users can also use browser extensions designed to block tracking attempts.

December 2022 - Spam Resource

What the documentation says
5Technical articles

Email tracking uses tiny, invisible images (tracking pixels) embedded in HTML emails. When an email recipient opens the email and their email client downloads the images, the server hosting the tracking pixel records the open. However, email clients like Outlook and Thunderbird have settings to block automatic image downloads and remote content, preventing tracking pixels from functioning unless explicitly allowed by the user. Apple's Mail Privacy Protection also prevents tracking by masking IP addresses and pre-loading remote content.

Key findings

  • Pixel Embedding: Email tracking involves embedding tiny, invisible images in HTML emails.
  • Image Download: Tracking occurs when the recipient's email client downloads the images.
  • Blocking Settings: Email clients like Outlook and Thunderbird allow users to block automatic image downloads, preventing tracking.
  • Mail Privacy Protection: Apple's Mail Privacy Protection masks IP addresses and pre-loads content to prevent tracking.

Key considerations

  • User Control: Recipients have increasing control over preventing email tracking through privacy settings.
  • Tracking Limitations: Email tracking may be limited or inaccurate due to client-side privacy protections.
  • Privacy Awareness: Be aware of the impact of privacy features on email tracking effectiveness.
Technical article

Documentation from Litmus explains that email tracking works by embedding a tiny, invisible image (a tracking pixel) in HTML emails. When the recipient opens the email and their email client downloads the images, the server hosting the tracking pixel records the open. They note that if images are blocked, the open is not tracked.

July 2022 - Litmus
Technical article

Documentation from Sendinblue explains how recipients can disable image loading in their email clients to prevent tracking pixels from working. This effectively blocks the sender from knowing if the email has been opened.

April 2024 - Sendinblue
Technical article

Documentation from Microsoft supports that Outlook has settings to block automatic download of external content, including images. This prevents tracking pixels from functioning unless the user explicitly allows the download.

September 2023 - Microsoft Support
Technical article

Documentation from Mozilla supports that Thunderbird allows users to configure privacy settings that block remote content in emails, including tracking pixels, protecting users from unwanted tracking.

December 2024 - Mozilla Support
Technical article

Documentation from Apple explains how Mail Privacy Protection prevents senders from using tracking pixels to learn about a recipient’s email activity by masking their IP address and pre-loading remote content.

October 2023 - Apple Support