How do shared IP pools and sending domains impact email sender reputation for ESPs?

Summary

Shared IP pools and sending domains significantly influence email sender reputation for ESPs. Shared IPs offer affordability but pose deliverability risks due to the actions of other senders on the same IP, while dedicated IPs provide greater control but necessitate consistent sending volume and careful management. Domain reputation is increasingly crucial; therefore, proper authentication (SPF, DKIM, DMARC), consistent sending practices, and ESP infrastructure are key. Proper IP warming is essential, and ESPs must diligently police customer behavior to protect domain reputation. Small volume senders can often benefit from shared IPs

Key findings

  • Shared IP Risks: Shared IPs carry deliverability risks due to the potential for negative impacts from other senders on the same IP pool.
  • Domain Importance: Domain reputation is becoming increasingly important relative to IP reputation, requiring strong authentication practices (SPF, DKIM, DMARC).
  • Dedicated IP Control: Dedicated IPs offer greater control over sender reputation, but demand consistent volume and careful reputation management.
  • Holistic Reputation: Sender reputation is based on multiple data points: IP, domain, engagement metrics, and email authentication.
  • ESP Responsibility: ESPs play a crucial role in managing and protecting sender reputation through their infrastructure and customer policing.
  • Volume Matters: Small volume senders are often better off on shared IP pools, while consistent volume is critical on dedicated IPs.

Key considerations

  • Authentication: Implement SPF, DKIM, and DMARC for all sending domains to establish and maintain a strong sender reputation.
  • Monitor Reputation: Continuously monitor IP and domain reputation using tools to identify potential issues early.
  • Manage Sending Volume: Maintain consistent sending volumes, especially when transitioning to dedicated IPs, using gradual IP warming techniques.
  • Choose IP Type Wisely: Carefully evaluate the pros and cons of shared vs. dedicated IPs based on sending volume, resources, and desired control.
  • ESP Accountability: Choose reputable ESPs that prioritize deliverability and actively police their networks to mitigate risks associated with shared IPs.
  • Sender Segmentation: ESPs need to consider sender segmentation based on behaviour and volume, as well as IP segregation to mitigate potential negative impact

What email marketers say
16Marketer opinions

Shared IP pools and sending domains significantly impact email sender reputation for ESPs. Shared IPs offer cost-effectiveness but carry deliverability risks due to other senders' practices, whereas dedicated IPs provide more control but demand careful management and consistent sending volume. Domain reputation is increasingly important, requiring proper authentication (SPF, DKIM, DMARC) and consistent sending practices. ESPs also host tracking domains and click tracking domains, and if bad behaviour occurs on the network this can negatively impact the ESPs domain reputation.

Key opinions

  • Shared IP Risks: Shared IPs expose senders to the deliverability risks associated with other senders on the same IP pool.
  • Domain Reputation: Domain reputation is increasingly crucial; proper authentication (SPF, DKIM, DMARC) significantly improves deliverability.
  • Dedicated IP Control: Dedicated IPs offer more control over sender reputation but require consistent volume and careful management.
  • ESP Practices: Bad sending behaviour from the senders on the ESPs shared network can impact the ESPs domain reputation.
  • Holistic Reputation: Sender reputation is based on multiple data points, including IP reputation, domain reputation, and email authentication.

Key considerations

  • Authentication: Implement SPF, DKIM, and DMARC to authenticate your sending domain and improve deliverability.
  • Sending Volume: Maintain consistent sending volumes to build and sustain a positive sender reputation, especially with dedicated IPs.
  • Monitoring: Monitor sender reputation metrics, including IP reputation, domain reputation, and engagement rates.
  • IP Choice: Carefully weigh the pros and cons of shared vs. dedicated IPs based on sending volume, budget, and desired level of control.
  • Domain Consistency: Maintain a consistent sending domain and delegate tracking links to your own domain to control its reputation.
Marketer view

Email marketer from GlockApps shares that while IP reputation is important, domain reputation is increasingly significant. Using a consistent sending domain and authenticating it properly can improve deliverability, even on shared IPs.

March 2024 - GlockApps
Marketer view

Email marketer from Sendinblue explains that sender reputation depends on factors like IP address reputation, domain reputation, spam complaints, and email authentication (SPF, DKIM, DMARC). Shared IPs can be affected by other senders, while dedicated IPs offer more control.

March 2021 - Sendinblue
Marketer view

Email marketer from StackOverflow answers that with shared IP, your email deliverability is at the mercy of other people, while dedicated IP gives you full control, but you have to keep it clean. You need a good volume of email to keep a dedicated IP good

August 2021 - StackOverflow
Marketer view

Email marketer from Postmark explains that sender reputation is built on various factors, including domain age, email authentication, and engagement. Domain reputation plays a crucial role, and ESPs should monitor both IP and domain reputation to ensure deliverability.

January 2022 - Postmark
Marketer view

Email marketer from Reddit user shares that using shared IP pools is fine but you need to make sure your own domain is properly setup with authentication (SPF, DKIM, DMARC) so mail providers know who you are, otherwise you can get caught up with other bad senders on the same IP.

December 2024 - Reddit
Marketer view

Marketer from Email Geeks explains that the tracking domain would be a data point in a reputation system and it's best practice to delegate tracking links to your own domain to control its reputation.

August 2024 - Email Geeks
Marketer view

Marketer from Email Geeks responds that senders go to extreme measures to fully whitelabel their traffic from the ESP, like using their own domain for the 5321.MAILFROM, their own DKIM signatures, their own domain for click/open tracking, but unless you have a bad ESP it's not really that important.

February 2023 - Email Geeks
Marketer view

Marketer from Email Geeks responds that ESP reputation can be affected by clients on dedicated domains, but less so than the effect of a client on a shared domain.

June 2021 - Email Geeks
Marketer view

Marketer from Email Geeks explains that sending reputation is calculated using many data points, including the DKIM signing domain, the sending IPs, and the 5322.FROM domain.

October 2022 - Email Geeks
Marketer view

Marketer from Email Geeks mentions that the ESP's domain reputation may be affected by bad behavior on their network because the ESP often hosts images or click tracking domains. Bad behavior by multiple senders could impact the ESP's domain, even for senders with good practices.

August 2021 - Email Geeks
Marketer view

Email marketer from Litmus shares that authenticating your sending domain with SPF, DKIM, and DMARC is vital. While IP reputation matters, having a properly authenticated domain can significantly improve your email deliverability and placement, regardless of the IP pool.

June 2022 - Litmus
Marketer view

Email marketer from Mailgun responds that key to sender reputation improvement is ensuring proper authentication (SPF, DKIM, DMARC), using a dedicated IP address when possible, maintaining consistent sending volumes, and monitoring engagement metrics such as opens and clicks.

December 2022 - Mailgun
Marketer view

Email marketer from Mailjet shares that shared IPs are cheaper but risk deliverability issues due to other senders' practices. Dedicated IPs offer more control over reputation but require careful management to avoid damaging your sender score.

January 2023 - Mailjet
Marketer view

Email marketer from Email on Acid explains that shared IPs carry the risk of being affected by other sender's actions, which can lead to deliverability problems. However, they also allow you to 'borrow' reputation from the other good senders.

November 2021 - Email on Acid
Marketer view

Marketer from Email Geeks shares if you are an ESP then you really need to be signing with your domain as that is required for DKIM-based FBLs (e.g., Yahoo!) and other things, so the traffic is easily identifiable

June 2023 - Email Geeks
Marketer view

Marketer from Email Geeks explains 5322.From is the regular From address you see in email messages (senders domain), and 5321.MAILFROM is the ESP domain (bounce address).

December 2024 - Email Geeks

What the experts say
4Expert opinions

ESPs that segregate customers by IP but not by domain risk eventual domain reputation problems if customer behavior isn't policed. Small-volume senders may benefit from shared IPs, lacking the volume to establish a dedicated IP's reputation. Warming up IPs is crucial and should be done carefully, monitoring blocklists and engagement. Domain reputation is increasingly important compared to IP reputation, necessitating strong authentication.

Key opinions

  • IP Segregation Risks: ESPs segregating by IP alone risk domain reputation damage without careful customer policing.
  • Shared IP Benefits: Small-volume senders often benefit from shared IPs due to insufficient volume for dedicated IP reputation building.
  • IP Warming Importance: Proper IP warming is essential, including monitoring blocklists and addressing low engagement.
  • Domain Reputation Ascendancy: Domain reputation is becoming more critical than IP reputation for deliverability.

Key considerations

  • Policing Customer Behavior: ESPs must diligently police customer behavior even with IP segregation to protect domain reputation.
  • Shared IP Suitability: Consider shared IPs for senders with low email volume.
  • Warming Strategy: Develop a comprehensive IP warming strategy that considers ramp-up, monitoring, and engagement.
  • Domain Authentication: Prioritize domain authentication (SPF, DKIM, DMARC) to enhance domain reputation and deliverability.
Expert view

Expert from Email Geeks shares that if ESPs segregate by IP but not by domain and do not police their customers perfectly, they will eventually have domain problems.

September 2022 - Email Geeks
Expert view

Expert from Word to the Wise (Laura Atkins) shares that warming up IPs is essential and provides guidance on the ramp-up process, the importance of monitoring blocklists, and how to handle challenges like low engagement. She answers questions regarding warming IPs and how it affects reputation.

July 2022 - Word to the Wise
Expert view

Expert from Word to the Wise shares various opinions on the increasing importance of domain reputation in comparison to IP reputation. While IP address impacts are still very real, domain authentication and reputation are becoming more critical for deliverability.

July 2024 - Word to the Wise
Expert view

Expert from Spam Resource (John Levine) explains that small volume senders are often better off on shared IPs, as they don't have the volume to build a dedicated IP's reputation, and gives advice for senders on shared IPs.

June 2024 - Spam Resource

What the documentation says
6Technical articles

Shared IP addresses carry the risk of negative deliverability impacts due to the sending habits of others sharing the IP. Consistent sending volume builds positive reputation on dedicated IPs, while low volume can be problematic for both shared and dedicated IPs. Dedicated IPs offer more control but require consistent volume and careful management. Warming up IPs gradually increases sending volume to build positive reputation, and proper setup of domains and DNS records (SPF, DKIM, DMARC) is crucial for sender reputation.

Key findings

  • Shared IP Risks: Shared IP reputation is affected by all users on the IP, potentially leading to deliverability issues due to others' poor sending practices.
  • Consistent Volume: Consistent sending volume is essential for building positive reputation, especially on dedicated IPs.
  • Dedicated IP Control: Dedicated IPs provide more control over sender reputation but demand careful management and consistent sending habits.
  • IP Warming: Gradual IP warming is vital for building a positive sender reputation with ISPs.
  • Proper DNS Setup: Correct setup of domains and DNS records (SPF, DKIM, DMARC) is crucial for building sender reputation and trust.

Key considerations

  • Monitor Shared IP: If using shared IPs, be aware of the potential impact of other senders and monitor deliverability closely.
  • Maintain Consistent Volume: Maintain a regular sending schedule and sufficient volume to build a positive sender reputation.
  • Manage Dedicated IP: If using dedicated IPs, implement careful management and consistent sending habits.
  • Warm Up IPs: Warm up new IPs gradually to build a positive reputation with ISPs.
  • Authenticate Domains: Ensure proper domain and DNS record setup (SPF, DKIM, DMARC) to improve sender reputation and deliverability.
Technical article

Documentation from Microsoft shares that consistent volume from a dedicated IP builds positive reputation but also highlights that low volume from an IP (shared or dedicated) can be problematic. Senders should maintain a regular schedule.

March 2021 - Microsoft
Technical article

Documentation from RFC-Editor answers that SMTP protocol defines how email is sent and specifies roles for domains used in MAILFROM (5321.MailFrom) and From (5322.From) addresses. Correct setup of these domains and related DNS records (SPF, DKIM, DMARC) is important for building sender reputation and trust with receiving mail servers.

October 2023 - RFC-Editor
Technical article

Documentation from Amazon Web Services explains that dedicated IPs offer more control over sender reputation. Using a shared IP pool carries the risk of being impacted by the sending practices of other AWS customers.

March 2023 - Amazon Web Services
Technical article

Documentation from SparkPost answers that using a shared IP means your reputation is partly determined by other senders on the IP. A dedicated IP grants more control but requires consistent volume and careful management to maintain a good reputation.

February 2024 - SparkPost
Technical article

Documentation from Mailchimp states that warming up an IP address gradually increases your sending volume to build a positive sender reputation with ISPs. This is especially crucial when transitioning to a dedicated IP but also relevant when using shared IPs, to demonstrate consistent and responsible sending practices.

December 2022 - Mailchimp
Technical article

Documentation from Google Workspace Admin Help explains that when using a shared IP address, the sender's reputation is affected by the sending habits of everyone sharing the IP. Poor practices from others can negatively impact deliverability.

September 2021 - Google Workspace Admin Help