Why is Virgin Media bouncing emails with 'Header From domain is invalid' error, and how to fix it?

Summary

Virgin Media's 'Header From domain is invalid' error results from increasingly strict email authentication policies, particularly regarding MX/A records, SPF, DKIM, and DMARC. The issue could stem from Virgin Media policy changes, potentially checking for MX/A records only upon encountering an NXDomain error. Additionally, a clean email list, strong sender reputation, adherence to 'From' header standards, consistent sending volume, and avoidance of cousin domains are crucial for preventing bounces. Tools like Google Postmaster Tools aid in monitoring deliverability.

Key findings

  • DNS Configuration: Missing or misconfigured MX/A records are a primary cause of the error.
  • Authentication is critical: Properly configured SPF, DKIM, and DMARC are vital for email authentication and avoiding rejections.
  • Policy Change Considerations: Virgin Media might have implemented stricter policies or changed how they check for valid sender configurations.
  • Reputation Matters: A good sender and IP reputation is important.
  • Good Hygiene: A clean email list with low bounce rates, high engagement from recipients and a properly setup From field is paramount to inbox placement
  • Cousin Domains: Avoid using cousin domains as Virgin Media might flag them as potentially suspicious.

Key considerations

  • DNS Records: Ensure correct MX/A records, pointing to a valid mail server.
  • SPF/DKIM/DMARC: Implement and validate SPF, DKIM, and DMARC settings.
  • Email Hygiene: Keep email lists clean and remove invalid or unengaged addresses.
  • Reputation: Monitor and maintain a positive sender reputation.
  • Volume Control: Maintain consistent email sending volumes and avoid sudden spikes.
  • Adhere to Standards: Adhere to RFC standards to correctly form your email 'From' Header
  • Domain Selection: Stick with your primary domain instead of using a cousin domain.

What email marketers say
9Marketer opinions

Virgin Media's 'Header From domain is invalid' bounce error is often related to strict email authentication policies and issues with the sender's domain configuration. Resolving this requires ensuring proper MX/A records, valid SPF, DKIM, and DMARC configurations, a correct reverse DNS (PTR record), a clean email list, a good sender reputation, consistent sending volume, and accurate 'From' field content. Testing email placement is also crucial for identifying issues.

Key opinions

  • MX/A Records: Missing or incorrect MX/A records for the sending domain can cause rejections.
  • Authentication: Properly configured SPF, DKIM, and DMARC records are essential for authenticating emails and avoiding rejections.
  • Reverse DNS: A missing or incorrect PTR record for the sending IP can lead to bounces.
  • Sender Reputation: Poor sender and IP reputation negatively impacts deliverability; monitoring and improving reputation are crucial.
  • Email List Hygiene: Regularly cleaning email lists to remove inactive or invalid addresses reduces bounce rates and protects sender reputation.
  • Email Content: From Field must accurately represent the sender, while also ensuring spam trigger words are avoided and emails land in inboxes.

Key considerations

  • Authentication Setup: Verify and correct SPF, DKIM, and DMARC records to ensure proper email authentication.
  • DNS Records: Ensure that MX/A records and PTR records are correctly configured for the sending domain and IP.
  • Reputation Monitoring: Regularly monitor sender and IP reputation using tools like Google Postmaster Tools.
  • List Maintenance: Implement a process for regularly cleaning email lists to remove invalid or inactive addresses.
  • Content Evaluation: Review the content, specifically the From field matches the authentications you have configured. In addition it should follow email best practices and avoid spam triggers to optimize deliverability.
  • Sending Volume: Maintain a consistent sending volume and avoid sudden spikes that can trigger spam filters.
  • Testing and Monitoring: Test email placement to see if messages are landing in the inbox, spam folder, or being blocked.
Marketer view

Email marketer from Mailjet suggests cleaning email lists regularly to remove inactive or invalid email addresses. Sending emails to non-existent addresses can damage your sender reputation and lead to bounces.

January 2024 - Mailjet
Marketer view

Email marketer from Email on Acid provides a checklist for diagnosing deliverability problems, including ensuring proper authentication (SPF, DKIM, DMARC), avoiding spam trigger words, and maintaining a good sender reputation.

September 2024 - Email on Acid
Marketer view

Email marketer from Stack Overflow suggests checking the reverse DNS (PTR record) of the sending IP address. A missing or incorrect PTR record can cause some mail servers, including Virgin Media, to reject emails.

December 2021 - Stack Overflow
Marketer view

Email marketer from Litmus emphasizes that the 'From' field should accurately represent the sender and be consistent with the domain used for authentication. Inconsistencies or misleading information can trigger spam filters.

June 2023 - Litmus
Marketer view

Email Marketer from Email Geeks confirms that the error message, while vague, points to an MX/A record issue as previously stated by Steve.

March 2025 - Email Geeks
Marketer view

Email marketer from GlockApps describes that you should test your email placement to determine if your messages are landing in the inbox, spam folder, or being blocked. This helps identify issues with content, authentication, or sender reputation.

September 2021 - GlockApps
Marketer view

Email marketer from HubSpot emphasizes maintaining a consistent sending volume and avoiding sudden spikes, which can trigger spam filters and lead to deliverability problems.

December 2022 - HubSpot
Marketer view

Email marketer from SendGrid recommends closely monitoring your sender reputation and IP reputation. Poor reputation can lead to increased bounce rates and deliverability issues. Use tools like Google Postmaster Tools to track your reputation.

March 2022 - SendGrid
Marketer view

Email marketer from Reddit shares their experience noting that Virgin Media has become increasingly strict. They recommend ensuring that SPF, DKIM, and DMARC records are properly configured and valid. They also suggest warming up the IP address if it's new.

September 2022 - Reddit

What the experts say
6Expert opinions

Virgin Media's 'Header From domain is invalid' bounce error stems from stricter email authentication policies, especially concerning MX and A records, and potentially DMARC records. They might have changed their policy to block senders without proper records, possibly only checking when an NXDomain error occurs. Maintaining a good sender reputation and avoiding cousin domains are also crucial for avoiding these bounces.

Key opinions

  • Missing MX/A Records: The absence of MX or A records is a primary cause, suggesting the sending domain isn't properly configured for email.
  • Policy Change: Virgin Media might have implemented a new policy specifically targeting senders without MX records.
  • NXDomain Trigger: Virgin Media may check for MX/A records only when an NXDomain error occurs, triggering filter updates and blocking.
  • Authentication Strictness: Virgin Media is increasingly strict about email authentication, requiring correct SPF, DKIM, and DMARC records.
  • Sender Reputation: High bounce rates and spam complaints negatively impact sender reputation, leading to bounces.
  • Cousin Domains: Using cousin domains (domains closely related to the main domain) is a bad practice and can lead to deliverability issues.

Key considerations

  • Verify DNS Records: Ensure that MX and A records are correctly configured for the sending domain.
  • Implement Authentication: Set up SPF, DKIM, and DMARC records to properly authenticate your emails.
  • Monitor Reputation: Actively work on improving your sender reputation by maintaining a clean email list and engaging content.
  • Avoid Cousin Domains: Refrain from using cousin domains; use your primary domain for sending emails.
  • Investigate Policy Changes: Stay informed about potential policy changes from ISPs like Virgin Media that may affect deliverability.
Expert view

Expert from Word to the Wise suggests actively working on improving your sender reputation. High bounce rates and spam complaints negatively impact reputation, so monitor and address issues promptly. Maintaining a clean email list and engaging content are crucial for a good sender reputation.

November 2024 - Word to the Wise
Expert view

Expert from Email Geeks advises implementing both A and MX records to avoid future issues with ISPs that might require an A record. He added a default A record for both the visible from domain and return-path subdomain for their default DNS template when at Salesforce.

July 2022 - Email Geeks
Expert view

Expert from Email Geeks explains that the error is likely due to the absence of MX or A records for the domain `emails-purecollection.com`. Virgin Media likely doesn't like the cousin domain, which is generally a bad practice.

March 2022 - Email Geeks
Expert view

Expert from Spam Resource explains that Virgin Media, like other ISPs, is increasingly strict about email authentication. Ensuring correct SPF, DKIM, and DMARC records is vital to avoid rejections. Incorrect configurations in the 'From' header can be easily flagged, which is why Virgin Media may bounce such emails.

May 2023 - Spam Resource
Expert view

Expert from Email Geeks suggests that Virgin Media has changed its policy and might now be blocking senders without MX records. It could be a recent policy change specifically impacting the client.

November 2023 - Email Geeks
Expert view

Expert from Email Geeks hypothesizes that Virgin Media might not regularly check for A/MX records until they encounter an NXDomain error during mail sending, which then triggers filter updates and blocking.

January 2025 - Email Geeks

What the documentation says
5Technical articles

Virgin Media's 'Header From domain is invalid' error, as well as email rejection by other ISPs is often related to domain configuration, non-compliance with email standards, or spam-like content. Correct From header formats, proper email authentication (SPF, DKIM, DMARC), and monitoring sender reputation with tools like Google Postmaster Tools are all crucial for ensuring deliverability and preventing email spoofing/phishing.

Key findings

  • Domain Configuration: Issues with the sender's domain configuration can cause email rejection.
  • From Header Standards: Non-compliance with RFC standards for the 'From' header format leads to rejections.
  • DMARC Importance: Implementing DMARC protects against email spoofing and improves deliverability.
  • Authentication Methods: SPF, DKIM, and DMARC are essential for verifying sender identity and preventing spoofing.
  • Reputation Monitoring: Google Postmaster Tools allows monitoring of sender reputation and key deliverability metrics.

Key considerations

  • Domain Record Review: Check and correct your domain records to ensure compliance with email sending requirements.
  • From Header Compliance: Ensure your 'From' header complies with RFC standards.
  • DMARC Implementation: Implement and properly configure DMARC to protect your domain.
  • Authentication Setup: Set up SPF, DKIM, and DMARC to properly authenticate your emails.
  • Reputation Monitoring: Use Google Postmaster Tools to monitor sender reputation and address any issues.
Technical article

Documentation from Microsoft provides detailed information on email authentication methods (SPF, DKIM, DMARC) and explains how they help to verify the sender's identity and prevent email spoofing. Correct implementation of these methods is crucial for deliverability.

January 2022 - Microsoft
Technical article

Documentation from Google details how to use Google Postmaster Tools to monitor sender reputation, spam rates, and other key deliverability metrics. This tool can help identify and address issues that may be causing bounces or filtering.

May 2024 - Google
Technical article

Documentation from RFC Editor specifies the correct format and requirements for the 'From' header in email messages. Non-compliance with these standards can lead to rejection by receiving servers.

May 2021 - RFC 5322
Technical article

Documentation from DMARC.org emphasizes the importance of implementing DMARC to protect your domain from email spoofing and phishing attacks. Proper DMARC configuration can improve email deliverability and prevent unauthorized use of your domain in the 'From' header.

August 2021 - DMARC.org
Technical article

Documentation from Virgin Media explains that emails can be rejected due to various reasons, including issues with the sender's domain configuration or spam-like content. They suggest checking the sender's domain records and email content for compliance.

October 2023 - Virgin Media