Why is my IP listed on blocklists despite sending legitimate email?

Summary

Even when sending legitimate email, multiple factors can contribute to your IP being blocklisted. These include: issues with shared IP reputation due to other senders' actions, spam complaints (even accidental ones), sudden spikes in email volume, compromised accounts sending spam, poor list hygiene (sending to old or unengaged addresses, hitting spam traps), lack of proper email authentication (SPF, DKIM, DMARC), the IP being associated with a network used by spammers, or your email being identified as unwanted by filters like Outlook.com. It's also crucial to understand specific blocklist policies and proactively monitor your sending reputation. If you are seeing listings in your bounce emails, they could have expired by the time you check them.

Key findings

  • Shared IP Risk: Using a shared IP exposes you to the actions of other senders on that IP.
  • Reputation Matters: Overall sender reputation, influenced by complaints and engagement, is a key factor.
  • List Hygiene is Critical: Poor list hygiene, including spam traps and unengaged recipients, significantly increases the risk of blocklisting.
  • Authentication is Essential: Proper email authentication (SPF, DKIM, DMARC) is crucial for proving your legitimacy and preventing spoofing.
  • Volume Spikes Are Risky: Sudden increases in email volume, especially from new IPs, can trigger spam filters.
  • Compromised Accounts Are Dangerous: Compromised accounts can be used to send spam without your knowledge, leading to blocklisting.
  • Blocklist Policies Vary: Each blocklist has its own policies and criteria for listing and delisting.
  • Transient Listing Issue: Blocklist listings seen in bounces might resolve or expire before you check them manually.

Key considerations

  • Monitor Reputation Regularly: Use tools like Google Postmaster Tools and SenderScore to track your IP and domain reputation.
  • Implement Strict List Hygiene: Regularly clean your email list to remove unengaged subscribers, invalid addresses, and potential spam traps.
  • Configure Authentication Properly: Ensure SPF, DKIM, and DMARC are correctly configured for your domain.
  • Warm Up New IPs Gradually: Slowly increase sending volume over time when using a new IP address.
  • Secure Your Infrastructure: Implement security measures to prevent server compromise and monitor logs for suspicious activity.
  • Understand Blocklist Policies: Familiarize yourself with the policies of major blocklists to understand their listing criteria and removal processes.
  • Use Feedback Loops (FBLs): Set up feedback loops with major ISPs to receive complaint data and address any issues.
  • Be Proactive About Deliverability: Implement a proactive deliverability strategy, including monitoring, authentication, and list management.
  • Document Your Efforts: Document every step you take to remediate issues and improve sending reputation when requesting delisting.

What email marketers say
9Marketer opinions

Even when sending legitimate email, several factors can lead to IP blocklisting. Shared IP reputation, spam complaints (intentional or accidental), sudden spikes in volume, compromised accounts, poor list hygiene (unengaged addresses and spam traps), and lack of proper email authentication (SPF, DKIM, DMARC) are primary causes. Additionally, high complaint rates and failing to 'warm up' a new IP address gradually can negatively impact your IP's reputation and lead to blacklisting. Checking for compromised servers is also critical.

Key opinions

  • Shared IP Risk: Using a shared IP means your reputation is tied to other users; their poor practices can affect your deliverability.
  • Complaints Matter: Even low complaint rates can negatively impact your IP reputation.
  • List Hygiene: Poor list hygiene, including spam traps and unengaged recipients, is a significant contributor to blocklisting.
  • Authentication is Key: Proper email authentication (SPF, DKIM, DMARC) is essential to prove your legitimacy.
  • Sudden Volume Spikes: Avoid sudden spikes in email volume; gradually warm up new IPs.
  • Compromised Servers: Ensure your email server hasn't been compromised and is being used to send spam without your knowledge.
  • Spam Traps: Hitting spam traps indicates significant list quality issues.

Key considerations

  • Monitor Reputation: Regularly monitor your IP and domain reputation using tools like Google Postmaster Tools and SenderScore.
  • Improve List Hygiene: Implement a process for regularly cleaning your email list to remove unengaged subscribers and invalid addresses.
  • Implement Authentication: Ensure SPF, DKIM, and DMARC are properly configured for your domain.
  • Control Sending Volume: Gradually increase sending volume from new IPs or after significant changes to your email program.
  • Investigate Server Security: Implement security measures to prevent server compromise and regularly check logs for suspicious activity.
  • Check for Feedback Loops: Setup feedback loops (FBLs) with major ISPs to understand and address recipient complaints.
  • Review Blocklist Policies: If blocklisted, review the specific blocklist's policies and procedures for removal.
Marketer view

Email marketer from Postmark explains that abruptly increasing email volume from a new IP address can trigger spam filters. Gradually warming up your IP by slowly increasing sending volume over time can help establish a good reputation.

August 2022 - Postmark
Marketer view

Email marketer from Reddit shares that shared IP addresses can be problematic. Even if your sending practices are good, the actions of other users on the same IP can negatively impact the IP's reputation and lead to blocklisting.

August 2023 - Reddit
Marketer view

Email marketer from Email Deliverability Forum shares that they experienced a similar issue and discovered their email server had been compromised and was being used to send spam without their knowledge. They recommend checking server logs for suspicious activity.

April 2023 - Email Deliverability Forum
Marketer view

Email marketer from GlockApps explains that hitting spam traps, even accidentally, can negatively impact your IP reputation and lead to blocklisting. This can happen if you have outdated or poorly maintained email lists.

February 2025 - GlockApps
Marketer view

Email marketer from Mailjet explains that even with legitimate email practices, IP addresses can be blocklisted due to shared IP reputation, spam complaints from recipients (even accidental ones), sudden spikes in email volume, compromised accounts sending spam, and poor list hygiene (sending to old or unengaged addresses).

January 2024 - Mailjet
Marketer view

Email marketer from Validity explains that high complaint rates (recipients marking your email as spam) can significantly damage your IP reputation and lead to blocklisting. Ensure your emails are relevant and easy to unsubscribe from.

March 2021 - Validity
Marketer view

Email marketer from Reddit explains that proper email authentication (SPF, DKIM, DMARC) is essential. Even if you're not sending spam, lack of authentication can make your emails look suspicious to mailbox providers and increase the likelihood of being blocklisted.

March 2022 - Reddit
Marketer view

Email marketer from SenderScore explains that your sender reputation, which includes your IP address reputation, is a key factor in deliverability. Even if you send legitimate email, a poor sender reputation can result in blocklisting. Factors affecting reputation include sending volume, complaint rates, and spam trap hits.

January 2022 - SenderScore
Marketer view

Email marketer from Litmus explains that maintaining good list hygiene is crucial for avoiding blocklists. Regularly remove unengaged subscribers and invalid email addresses to reduce bounce rates and spam complaints.

November 2022 - Litmus

What the experts say
4Expert opinions

Even when sending legitimate email, your IP can be blocklisted. Listings observed in bounce emails might be resolved by the time you check them. Getting off blocklists can be challenging and requires understanding each blocklist's policies, cleaning up sending practices, and documenting improvement efforts. It is crucial to understand the specific reasons for being blocklisted by reviewing the blocklist's website. A proactive approach to deliverability, including monitoring sending reputation, using feedback loops, implementing authentication, and actively managing subscriber lists, is key to avoiding blocklists.

Key opinions

  • Transient Listings: Blocklist listings may resolve or expire before manual verification.
  • Blocklist Removal Difficulty: Removing your IP from a blocklist can be a complex and challenging process.
  • Importance of Understanding Reasons: Understanding the specific reasons for blocklisting is crucial for effective remediation.
  • Proactive Deliverability: Proactive deliverability strategies are essential for preventing blocklisting.

Key considerations

  • Check Blocklist Policies: Review and understand the specific policies and removal processes of each blocklist.
  • Clean Sending Practices: Identify and correct any issues in your sending practices that may be contributing to blocklisting.
  • Document Efforts: Document all efforts to improve sending reputation and address blocklisting issues.
  • Monitor Reputation: Proactively monitor your sending reputation using available tools and feedback loops.
  • Implement Authentication: Ensure proper implementation of email authentication protocols (SPF, DKIM, DMARC).
  • Manage Subscriber Lists: Actively manage subscriber lists to remove inactive or problematic addresses.
Expert view

Expert from Word to the Wise explains that understanding the specific reasons for being blocklisted is crucial. They suggest carefully reviewing the blocklist's website for information about their listing criteria and removal processes. They also emphasize that generic "we don't send spam" pleas are unlikely to be effective.

April 2023 - Word to the Wise
Expert view

Expert from Word to the Wise explains that even if you are sending legitimate email, getting off blocklists can be challenging. They highlight the importance of understanding each blocklist's policies, cleaning up sending practices, and documenting efforts to improve. They also note that some blocklists are more responsive and reasonable than others.

September 2023 - Word to the Wise
Expert view

Expert from Email Geeks explains that it's possible the listings seen in bounce emails were resolved or expired. Mentions the IP is shared and provides a link to check the IP's listings, suggesting most can be ignored unless seen in bounces.

February 2024 - Email Geeks
Expert view

Expert from Word to the Wise explains that a proactive approach to deliverability is key to avoiding blocklists in the first place. They recommend monitoring sending reputation, using feedback loops, implementing authentication, and actively managing subscriber lists.

June 2024 - Word to the Wise

What the documentation says
5Technical articles

Despite sending legitimate email, your IP can be blocklisted for several reasons highlighted in various documentation. Spamhaus lists IPs involved in sending or supporting spam, even if the IP is associated with a network or infrastructure used by spammers or if the server is compromised. Microsoft's Outlook.com filters emails based on IP reputation, and even legitimate emails can be blocked if deemed unwanted. Google provides Postmaster Tools to monitor IP reputation with Gmail users, helping identify deliverability issues. DMARC.org emphasizes that implementing DMARC protects against spoofing and phishing, improving deliverability and preventing IP association with malicious activity. AWS also has policies against outbound spam, potentially blocklisting IPs associated with unsolicited emails sent through their services.

Key findings

  • Spamhaus Listing Criteria: Spamhaus lists IPs involved in sending or supporting spam, even indirectly through shared infrastructure or compromise.
  • Outlook.com Filtering: Outlook.com filters emails based on IP reputation, and legitimate emails can be blocked if perceived as unwanted.
  • Google Postmaster Tools: Google Postmaster Tools help monitor IP reputation with Gmail users and identify deliverability issues.
  • DMARC Protection: Implementing DMARC protects against spoofing and phishing, improving deliverability.
  • AWS Anti-Spam Policy: AWS has policies against outbound spam and may blocklist IPs associated with unsolicited emails.

Key considerations

  • Infrastructure Security: Ensure your network and infrastructure are secure and not being used to support spam activities.
  • Monitor Reputation: Regularly monitor your IP reputation using tools like Google Postmaster Tools and other reputation monitoring services.
  • Implement DMARC: Implement a DMARC policy to protect your domain from email spoofing and phishing.
  • Comply with AWS Policies: If using AWS for sending emails, ensure compliance with their anti-spam policies.
  • Review Blocklist Criteria: Understand the listing criteria of major blocklists to identify and address potential issues.
Technical article

Documentation from Spamhaus explains that they list IP addresses based on their involvement in sending or supporting spam. Even if you're sending legitimate email, your IP can be listed if it's associated with a network or infrastructure that's also used by spammers or if your server has been compromised.

May 2022 - Spamhaus
Technical article

Documentation from AWS explains that it has policies in place to prevent outbound spam. If your IP address is associated with sending unsolicited email through AWS, it may be blocklisted.

June 2023 - AWS
Technical article

Documentation from DMARC.org explains that implementing a DMARC policy can help protect your domain from email spoofing and phishing attacks. This can improve your email deliverability and prevent your IP from being associated with malicious activity.

September 2023 - DMARC.org
Technical article

Documentation from Google explains how to use Google Postmaster Tools to monitor your IP reputation with Gmail users. Even if you send legitimate email, this tool can help you identify potential issues that may be affecting your deliverability.

August 2024 - Google
Technical article

Documentation from Microsoft explains that Outlook.com uses various factors to filter email, including IP reputation. If your IP is sending email that Outlook.com's filters identify as unwanted, your email may be blocked or sent to the junk folder, even if you believe it's legitimate.

March 2022 - Microsoft