Why did my email open rate drop after implementing DMARC and what should I do?

Summary

Implementing DMARC can lead to decreased email open rates due to several factors. While DMARC itself shouldn't directly impact open rates if configured correctly, misconfigurations like improper SPF and DKIM settings, exceeding SPF's DNS lookup limit, or incorrect subdomain delegation can cause deliverability issues, resulting in emails being blocked, quarantined, or sent to the spam folder. Changing DKIM signatures can also initially reduce open rates. It's crucial to continuously monitor DMARC reports, verify proper authentication, optimize SPF records, address underlying filtering issues, and consider warming up your IP after significant changes. Non-DMARC-related issues, such as poor subject lines, irrelevant content, or sending emails at the wrong time, also contribute to lower open rates. Variations in how email clients handle DMARC policies add another layer of complexity.

Key findings

  • DMARC Misconfiguration: Improperly configured DMARC (SPF/DKIM issues, exceeding DNS lookups) can lead to deliverability problems.
  • Authentication Impact: Changing DKIM signatures can initially decrease open rates; IP warming might be needed.
  • Policy Enforcement: Strict DMARC policies without correct authentication can cause emails to be blocked.
  • Monitoring is Key: Continuous monitoring of DMARC reports is essential to identify and address failures.
  • Filtering Problems: DMARC can expose underlying deliverability issues related to filtering.
  • Client Variations: Email clients handle DMARC policies differently, affecting deliverability.
  • Content Relevance: Poor subject lines and irrelevant content lower open rates independently of DMARC.

Key considerations

  • Authentication: Verify correct SPF and DKIM records and ensure proper subdomain delegation.
  • DMARC Records: Regularly review DMARC reports and address any identified failures or issues.
  • SPF Optimization: Optimize SPF records to stay within the 10 DNS lookup limit.
  • IP Warm-up: Consider warming up your IP after major authentication changes.
  • Email Content: A/B test subject lines, segment your audience, and optimize send times.
  • Test Deliverability: Test mail delivery to the bulk/spam folder to diagnose delivery problems.
  • Address Filtering: Adjust content and improve sender reputation to address underlying filtering issues.
  • Troubleshooting: Check DMARC records, authentication status, and authorized IP addresses.

What email marketers say
9Marketer opinions

Implementing DMARC can lead to a drop in email open rates for several reasons. While DMARC itself doesn't directly affect open rates if properly configured, incorrect setups, such as improper SPF and DKIM configurations, subdomain delegation issues, and strict email client policies, can negatively impact deliverability and cause a drop. Monitoring DMARC reports and ensuring proper authentication are vital, and if significant changes are made, IP warm-up should be considered. Non-DMARC related issues such as poor subject lines, irrelevant content, or sending emails at the wrong time can also contribute to lower open rates, necessitating strategies like A/B testing, audience segmentation, and send time optimization.

Key opinions

  • Incorrect Setup: Improper SPF/DKIM configurations can negatively affect deliverability.
  • DMARC Monitoring: Continuously monitor DMARC reports to resolve authentication issues.
  • Warm-Up: Warm-up the IP after significant changes like altering authentication.
  • Client Variations: Email clients handle DMARC differently, affecting deliverability.
  • Content Relevance: Poor subject lines and irrelevant content lower open rates.

Key considerations

  • Authentication: Verify proper SPF and DKIM records are configured.
  • Subdomain Delegation: Ensure correct subdomain delegation for email sending.
  • Testing: A/B test subject lines and optimize send times.
  • Segmentation: Segment your audience to send relevant content.
  • Ongoing Monitoring: Regularly review DMARC reports and adjust configurations as needed.
Marketer view

Email marketer from Reddit shares that when implementing DMARC, they saw initial drops in open rates due to misconfiguration of SPF records. They recommend checking your SPF records using online tools to validate they are correct.

September 2024 - Reddit
Marketer view

Email marketer from Sender explains that implementing DMARC without proper SPF and DKIM setup can negatively affect email deliverability and open rates. It is important to ensure that your emails are properly authenticated before implementing DMARC.

October 2023 - Sender.net
Marketer view

Email marketer from StackOverflow explains a scenario where incorrect subdomain delegation for email sending caused DMARC failures and impacted open rates. Ensuring proper DNS configuration is vital.

November 2023 - StackOverflow
Marketer view

Email marketer from Mailjet shares that DMARC itself doesn't directly impact open rates, but incorrect DMARC setup leading to delivery issues certainly can. They recommend carefully monitoring DMARC reports and ensuring proper authentication.

October 2024 - Mailjet
Marketer view

Email marketer from GMass suggests after making major changes, such as changing authentication, you should warm up your IP to reduce any potential open rate impact.

January 2024 - Gmass
Marketer view

Email marketer from Email on Acid shares the importance of continuously monitoring DMARC reports to identify and resolve any authentication issues that may arise after implementing DMARC, to prevent drops in deliverability and open rates.

August 2022 - Email on Acid
Marketer view

Email marketer from Litmus explains differences in how various email clients handle DMARC policies. Certain clients might be more strict in their enforcement, leading to unexpected deliverability issues post-implementation.

July 2021 - Litmus
Marketer view

Email marketer from Neil Patel explains that low open rates could be due to poor subject lines, irrelevant content, or sending emails at the wrong time. He suggests A/B testing subject lines, segmenting your audience, and optimizing send times.

May 2024 - Neil Patel
Marketer view

Email marketer from Email Geeks explains that DMARC shouldn't affect inbox placement or open rates if it's passing, but changing DKIM signatures can impact inbox placement and open rates.

February 2025 - Email Geeks

What the experts say
6Expert opinions

Implementing DMARC can lead to decreased email open rates, primarily due to configuration issues affecting deliverability. If DMARC is improperly configured, legitimate emails might be rejected or quarantined. Even a correct DMARC setup with new DKIM keys can initially reduce open rates due to authentication changes, potentially requiring an IP warm-up. It's important to continuously monitor DMARC reports for failures, set up DKIM signing correctly, and understand that a drop in open rates isn't always a sign of spam issues but could relate to pixel pre-fetching changes. Furthermore, DMARC can expose underlying deliverability problems related to filtering, necessitating content adjustments and sender reputation improvements. Testing mail delivery to the bulk folder is also advised.

Key opinions

  • DMARC Configuration: Improperly configured DMARC can cause legitimate emails to be rejected or quarantined, leading to lower open rates.
  • DKIM Key Changes: Setting up new DKIM keys can initially decrease open rates due to authentication changes; IP warming may be needed.
  • Monitoring: Continuous monitoring of DMARC reports is crucial to identify and address failures.
  • Filtering Issues: DMARC implementation can expose underlying filtering issues, requiring content and sender reputation adjustments.
  • Pixel Pre-fetching: Decreased open rates after DKIM setup may relate to pixel pre-fetching changes, not necessarily spam placement.

Key considerations

  • DKIM Setup: Ensure correct DKIM signing, especially when transitioning authentication methods.
  • DMARC Reports: Regularly review DMARC reports and address any identified failures or issues.
  • IP Warm-up: Consider warming up your IP after making significant authentication changes.
  • Bulk Folder Testing: Test mail delivery to the bulk/spam folder to diagnose delivery problems.
  • Content & Reputation: Address underlying deliverability issues by adjusting content and improving sender reputation.
Expert view

Expert from Spamresource responds to the question that if DMARC is improperly configured, legitimate emails might be rejected or quarantined which will cause the email open rate to drop. It is important to monitor DMARC reports to see if there are any failures.

July 2024 - Spamresource
Expert view

Expert from Email Geeks states that if mail is failing DMARC, it's not compliant with requirements to authenticate with the domain and is currently authenticated as mailchimp. She advises setting up DKIM signing at Mailchimp.

June 2021 - Email Geeks
Expert view

Expert from Word to the Wise explains that implementing DMARC may expose underlying deliverability issues related to filtering. Addressing these issues might require content adjustments or sender reputation improvements.

November 2022 - Word to the Wise
Expert view

Expert from Email Geeks clarifies that a decrease in open rates after DKIM setup isn't necessarily a sign of mail going to spam, but may be due to changes affecting pre-fetching of pixels. Inbox testing at Google is difficult, requiring data interpretation.

December 2022 - Email Geeks
Expert view

Expert from Email Geeks reinforces setting up DKIM. Laura mentions you may see a decrease in open rates after setting up the DKIM key because of the new authentication. Depending on volume, a warmup might be needed.

April 2022 - Email Geeks
Expert view

Expert from Email Geeks explains that the DMARC record itself is unlikely to increase open rates unless there are delivery problems. She also suggests testing mail delivery to the bulk folder.

August 2021 - Email Geeks

What the documentation says
4Technical articles

Implementing DMARC can negatively impact email open rates if not configured properly, primarily because emails may be blocked or marked as spam. Strict DMARC policies (p=reject or p=quarantine) without correct DKIM and SPF settings are a significant cause. SPF record limitations, such as exceeding the 10 DNS lookup limit, can also lead to SPF failures, hindering deliverability. Troubleshooting steps include checking DMARC records, authentication status, SPF, and DKIM configurations and verifying authorized sending IP addresses.

Key findings

  • Misconfiguration Impact: Incorrectly configured DMARC can lead to emails being blocked or marked as spam.
  • Strict Policies: Strict DMARC policies without proper authentication cause delivery issues.
  • SPF Limitations: Exceeding SPF's 10 DNS lookup limit can cause SPF failure.

Key considerations

  • Policy Review: Review DMARC policies and ensure they are appropriate for your authentication setup.
  • Authentication Verification: Verify SPF and DKIM records are correctly configured.
  • SPF Record Optimization: Optimize SPF records to stay within the 10 DNS lookup limit.
  • Troubleshooting: Check DMARC records, authentication status, and authorized IP addresses.
Technical article

Documentation from RFC details the limitations of SPF records, including the 10 DNS lookup limit. Exceeding this limit can cause SPF to fail, leading to deliverability issues and potentially impacting open rates post-DMARC implementation.

February 2023 - RFC 7208
Technical article

Documentation from DMARC.org explains DMARC policies (none, quarantine, reject) and their impact on email handling by receiving mail servers. A 'reject' policy will instruct recipient servers to refuse emails failing authentication, potentially lowering open rates if legitimate emails are affected.

July 2024 - DMARC.org
Technical article

Documentation from Microsoft Support details steps to troubleshoot email delivery problems, including checking DMARC records and authentication status. It recommends verifying SPF and DKIM records are correctly configured and that the sending IP address is authorized.

May 2023 - Microsoft Support
Technical article

Documentation from Google Workspace Admin Help explains that DMARC can impact delivery if not configured correctly. It states that a strict DMARC policy (p=reject or p=quarantine) without proper DKIM and SPF setup can cause legitimate emails to be blocked or marked as spam.

February 2022 - Google Workspace Admin Help

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