Why are my emails delayed when sending to Gmail recipients?

Summary

Gmail delivery delays are a multifaceted issue stemming from various factors. Poor sender reputation, often due to new IPs/domains, sending to unengaged users, spam complaints, or shared IP issues, is a primary culprit. Technical aspects such as incorrect or missing SPF, DKIM, and DMARC records and DNS issues (especially MX records) also play a significant role. Google's spam filters, greylisting techniques, and throttling policies further contribute to delays. User engagement, including low open and click rates, and email content quality directly impact deliverability. Analyzing email headers can help identify delay sources. Managing reputation, ensuring proper authentication, practicing list hygiene, and creating engaging content are crucial for improving Gmail delivery times.

Key findings

  • Sender Reputation: A poor sender reputation (new IPs, unengaged users, complaints, shared IPs) is a major cause of Gmail delays.
  • Authentication: Incorrect or missing SPF, DKIM, and DMARC records cause delays.
  • Content Quality: Spammy content and URL shorteners negatively affect deliverability.
  • DNS Issues: MX record resolution problems can cause significant delays.
  • Engagement: Low open and click rates signal low email value, leading to delays.
  • Greylisting: Gmail may use greylisting, temporarily delaying emails from unknown senders.
  • Throttling: Gmail's throttling policies can delay emails to protect against spam and abuse.
  • Forwarding Issues: Incorrectly configured or spamming email forwarders can hurt reputation.

Key considerations

  • Monitor Reputation: Regularly check IP and domain reputation using tools like Google Postmaster Tools.
  • Implement Authentication: Ensure SPF, DKIM, and DMARC are correctly configured.
  • Practice List Hygiene: Regularly clean email lists, removing unengaged subscribers and invalid addresses.
  • Improve Engagement: Create engaging content to encourage opens and clicks.
  • Analyze Headers: Analyze email headers to diagnose delay sources.
  • Warm-Up IPs: Gradually increase sending volume when using new IPs to establish reputation.
  • Avoid Spam Triggers: Avoid spam trigger words and misleading subject lines.
  • Check DNS: Verify correct MX record configuration

What email marketers say
9Marketer opinions

Gmail delivery delays can arise from various factors related to sender reputation, server configuration, email content, and user engagement. Issues with IP reputation, authentication (SPF, DKIM, DMARC), sending practices, and list management significantly impact deliverability. Google may throttle emails from unfamiliar sources, shared IPs with poor reputations, or those exhibiting low engagement. Monitoring sender reputation, ensuring proper authentication, cleaning email lists, and creating engaging content are crucial to avoid delays.

Key opinions

  • Sender Reputation: Poor sender reputation due to spam complaints, sending to unengaged users, or new/unwarmed IPs can lead to delays.
  • Authentication Issues: Incorrect or missing SPF, DKIM, and DMARC records can cause Gmail to delay or reject emails.
  • Shared IP Problems: Using a shared IP address where other users send spam can negatively impact your deliverability.
  • Engagement Matters: Low open and click rates signal low email value, leading to delays or spam placement.
  • List Quality: Sending to outdated or unengaged lists hurts sender reputation and causes delays.
  • Content Impacts: Spammy content or URL shorteners can negatively affect deliverability.
  • Forwarding Issues: Email forwarders set up incorrectly or are sending spam can result in delays.

Key considerations

  • Monitor Reputation: Regularly check your IP and domain reputation using tools like Google Postmaster Tools.
  • Implement Authentication: Ensure SPF, DKIM, and DMARC are correctly configured to authenticate your emails.
  • Clean Your List: Remove unengaged subscribers and regularly validate email addresses to maintain a clean list.
  • Improve Engagement: Create engaging content that encourages opens, clicks, and replies.
  • Warm-Up IPs: Gradually increase sending volume when using a new IP address to establish a good reputation.
  • Content Review: Avoid spam trigger words and misleading subject lines in your emails.
Marketer view

Email marketer from Mailjet suggests that delays in Gmail delivery could stem from issues with your sending reputation, server configuration, or Gmail's spam filters. They recommend checking your IP address against blacklists and ensuring proper authentication is set up.

August 2022 - Mailjet
Marketer view

Email marketer from Sender explains that content of the emails themselves can affect the deliverability of the email, especially spam words and use of URL shorteners.

August 2022 - Sender.net
Marketer view

Email marketer from Google Product Forums answers that checking if email forwarders are set up incorrectly, or are sending spam can result in recipient servers marking your domain or IP as low reputation, resulting in delays to recipients.

May 2022 - Google Product Forums
Marketer view

Email marketer from EasyDMARC explains that incorrect setup or lack of proper email authentication (SPF, DKIM, DMARC) can cause Gmail to delay or reject emails, as it cannot verify the sender's legitimacy. Implementing these protocols correctly is essential for deliverability.

February 2023 - EasyDMARC
Marketer view

Email marketer from Reddit explains that Gmail delays can occur if your sending IP address has a poor reputation or if you haven't properly warmed up a new IP address. Google may throttle emails from unfamiliar sources to protect their users.

November 2023 - Reddit
Marketer view

Email marketer from StackExchange answers that using a shared IP address could lead to throttling by Gmail if other users on the same IP are sending spam or low-quality emails. Gmail may impose limits on the entire IP to protect its users.

February 2025 - StackExchange
Marketer view

Email marketer from Litmus answers that low engagement rates (opens, clicks) can signal to Gmail that your emails are not valuable to users, which can result in delays or placement in the spam folder. Engaging content and clean list management are essential.

February 2022 - Litmus
Marketer view

Email marketer from GMass explains that sending to outdated or unengaged email lists can significantly hurt your sender reputation with Gmail, resulting in delays or blocked emails. Regularly cleaning your list is crucial.

July 2021 - GMass
Marketer view

Email marketer from Sendgrid explains that having a dedicated IP address allows you to manage your own reputation, but it also means that any negative sending behavior directly impacts your deliverability. Poor engagement or spam complaints will result in Gmail delaying your emails.

January 2022 - Sendgrid

What the experts say
7Expert opinions

Gmail delivery delays are often caused by poor sender reputation, which can stem from new IPs/domains, sending to unengaged users, or high complaint rates. Gmail may employ greylisting (temporary rejection) for unknown senders or slow down delivery to gather more data. Analyzing email headers can help pinpoint the source of delays by tracing the message's path. Throughput also depends on the MTA delivery rate and the recipient MX acceptance rate, influenced by server load, SMTP connections, and reputation. Proper authentication (SPF, DKIM, DMARC) is crucial to establish trustworthiness.

Key opinions

  • Sender Reputation: Poor sender reputation, due to new IPs/domains, unengaged users, or complaints, causes delays.
  • Greylisting: Gmail might use greylisting, delaying emails from unknown senders.
  • Header Analysis: Email headers help identify the source of delays by tracing the message's path through servers.
  • Throughput Factors: Throughput depends on MTA delivery rate, recipient MX acceptance, server load, and SMTP connections.
  • Authentication: Improper or absent SPF, DKIM, and DMARC can cause delays or rejections.

Key considerations

  • Reputation Management: Monitor and maintain a positive sender reputation by avoiding spam traps and engaging your audience.
  • Header Examination: Analyze email headers to diagnose delay sources.
  • Authentication Setup: Properly configure SPF, DKIM, and DMARC to authenticate your emails and improve deliverability.
  • Engagement Practices: Avoid sending to unengaged users to maintain a healthy sending reputation.
  • MX Configuration: Ensure that MX records are properly configured.
Expert view

Expert from Word to the Wise explains that having a high complaint rate reported through feedback loops with Gmail will impact deliverability. Even a moderate increase in spam complaints can cause Gmail to delay emails as it evaluates the sender's reputation.

August 2021 - Word to the Wise
Expert view

Expert from Email Geeks shares that Gmail delivery delays can be a consequence of poor reputation or new IP / sending domains.

August 2022 - Email Geeks
Expert view

Email marketer from Email Geeks shares that throughput is a function of the MTA delivery rate and the recipient MX acceptance rate, the latter depending on infrastructure reputation and recipient firewalls. The former depends on delivery server load, number of SMTP connections, and sent volume.

May 2024 - Email Geeks
Expert view

Expert from Word to the Wise emphasizes the importance of setting up authentication protocols SPF, DKIM and DMARC. Properly configured, these protocols act as proof of trustworthiness. Therefore failure to set these up, or setting them up incorrectly can lead to delays in sending. These are critical in confirming the sender's identity and legitimacy.

June 2022 - Word to the Wise
Expert view

Expert from Email Geeks suggests that sending to unengaged users can negatively impact reputation, potentially causing Gmail to slow down delivery to gather more data, even if it's not immediately reflected in Google Postmaster Tools.

November 2024 - Email Geeks
Expert view

Expert from Spam Resource explains that greylisting, a spam-fighting technique that temporarily rejects emails from unknown senders, can cause delays. Gmail might delay emails from servers that it hasn't seen before to see if the sending server retries. This is a temporary delay to filter out spam servers.

June 2023 - Spam Resource
Expert view

Expert from Email Geeks explains how full headers can help show where the delivery delay is and help identify what needs fixing, suggesting reviewing the received lines and timestamps to trace the message's path.

October 2022 - Email Geeks

What the documentation says
5Technical articles

Gmail email delivery delays are influenced by several technical and policy-related factors. These include sender IP reputation, authentication (SPF, DKIM, DMARC), email content, recipient engagement, DNS issues (especially MX records), feedback loops monitoring user complaints, throttling policies, and the ability to analyze email headers to pinpoint delay sources. Addressing these areas can help improve email deliverability to Gmail recipients.

Key findings

  • IP Reputation: Sender's IP reputation is a key factor affecting delivery time.
  • Authentication: Proper authentication (SPF, DKIM, DMARC) is crucial for timely delivery.
  • DNS Issues: MX record resolution problems can cause significant delays.
  • Feedback Loops: High complaint rates (feedback loops) lead to delays.
  • Throttling: Gmail's throttling policies can delay emails to protect against spam.
  • Header Analysis: Email headers provide information to diagnose delivery delays.

Key considerations

  • Improve Reputation: Work to maintain and improve sender IP reputation.
  • Verify Authentication: Ensure SPF, DKIM, and DMARC are properly configured.
  • Check DNS Records: Verify MX records and DNS settings for proper resolution.
  • Monitor Feedback Loops: Actively monitor and address complaints reported through feedback loops.
  • Analyze Headers: Learn to analyze email headers to identify delay sources.
Technical article

Documentation from Microsoft Learn answers that throttling policies implemented by receiving mail servers, including Gmail, can cause delays. These policies are designed to protect against spam and abuse, limiting the rate at which emails are accepted from a particular sender.

October 2023 - Microsoft Learn
Technical article

Documentation from Postmark answers that analyzing email headers can help identify the source of delays. Headers provide a timestamped record of each server that handled the message, allowing you to pinpoint where the delay occurred.

October 2023 - Postmark
Technical article

Documentation from RFC-Editor explains that DNS issues, particularly with MX records, can cause significant email delivery delays. If Gmail's servers are unable to properly resolve your domain's MX records, emails may be held until the DNS issue is resolved.

February 2025 - RFC-Editor
Technical article

Documentation from Google Workspace Admin Help explains that several factors can affect email delivery time, including the sender's IP reputation, authentication practices (SPF, DKIM, DMARC), email content, and recipient engagement. Issues with any of these can lead to delays.

March 2023 - Google Workspace Admin Help
Technical article

Documentation from SparkPost explains that Gmail uses feedback loops (FBLs) to monitor user complaints. High complaint rates can negatively impact your sender reputation, leading to delays as Gmail evaluates the legitimacy of your emails. It is important to monitor FBLs to maintain a good sending reputation.

January 2024 - SparkPost