What does PH01 bounce message mean and how is it related to DKIM and phishing?
Summary
What email marketers say10Marketer opinions
Email marketer from Mailhardener shares that a common reason for PH01 errors is a DMARC policy being set to 'reject' without proper DKIM alignment. If an email fails the DMARC check because of DKIM issues, receiving mail servers can reject the email, marking it as potential phishing, leading to the PH01 error.
Email marketer from Sendgrid shares that a PH01 error typically stems from authentication issues or content flags. Implementing DKIM is crucial for ensuring your emails aren't mistaken for phishing attempts, as it verifies that the email hasn't been altered during transit and confirms your identity to email providers.
Email marketer from EmailProviderReview shares that PH01 errors often arise when Yahoo's filters detect suspicious content or patterns resembling phishing attempts. This can include mismatches in DKIM signatures or inconsistencies between the 'friendly from' address and the DKIM domain, leading Yahoo to flag the email as potentially malicious.
Email marketer from Postmark explains that a PH01 error often means that your emails are failing authentication checks or are being flagged for suspicious content. They recommend ensuring that DKIM is properly set up. This prevents your emails from being classified as phishing attempts and improving your sending reputation.
Email marketer from SparkPost shares that consistent DKIM alignment helps in maintaining a positive sender reputation, which directly impacts deliverability. When DKIM aligns properly, it reduces the chances of emails being marked as spam or phishing and causing errors such as PH01.
Email marketer from Mailjet details that implementing DKIM is essential for verifying your sending identity to email providers. It minimizes the risk of your emails being flagged as phishing attempts, which can result in bounce messages such as PH01.
Email marketer from Reddit shares that ensuring your DKIM records are correctly configured and align with your sending domain is critical to avoiding spam filters and PH01 errors. Mismatched or missing DKIM records are a quick way to be flagged as a potential phishing threat.
Email marketer from Email Marketing Forum explains that a PH01 error is often triggered when Yahoo Mail detects emails that impersonate legitimate organizations. Using DKIM helps to show that you are who you say you are. It also can make it clear that you are not a phishing attempt.
Email marketer from Email Geeks shares when using Microsoft security portal's "advanced hunting" feature for Outlook 365, they've seen emails classified as phishing for missing a DKIM on the friendly from domain.
Email marketer from StackExchange explains that if a DKIM signature is missing or invalid, especially on the 'friendly from' domain, it can trigger phishing filters and lead to a PH01 error. This is because mail servers use DKIM to verify that the email truly came from the claimed sender, and a failure can raise red flags.
What the experts say4Expert opinions
Expert from Email Geeks clarifies that the example provided by Vytis represents a DMARC fail, and DKIM failed for the aligning signature.
Expert from Email Geeks explains that PH01 bounce message means the message has been detected as phishing and is a Yahoo specific error.
Expert from Word to the Wise shares information on Yahoo's DMARC policy. Specifically, If senders are not properly authenticating mail (SPF and DKIM) and aligning those authentications, they can see messages rejected with a 554 code. While not explicitly mentioning PH01, it highlights the importance of DKIM and SPF.
Expert from SpamResource explains that while they don't directly address PH01 errors, they note that some blocklists consider authentication failures (like DKIM issues) when assessing reputation. They recommend resolving DKIM issues before requesting delisting, as such failures can contribute to deliverability problems and potential flagging as spam or phishing.
What the documentation says4Technical articles
Documentation from DMARC.org details that a PH01 error, caused by DMARC failure due to SPF/DKIM issues, is a result of security protocols not verifying that the email is from a legitimate sender. DMARC relies on SPF and DKIM to ensure emails aren't spoofed or sent by malicious actors, which directly reduces the risk of phishing.
Documentation from RFC 6376 specifies that DKIM provides a mechanism for verifying the integrity of a message and the authenticity of the sender. If a message's DKIM signature doesn't validate, receiving systems might flag it as suspicious, which can lead to PH01 errors as part of anti-phishing measures.
Documentation from Yahoo Mail Help explains that a 554 error code in a bounce message indicates a permanent delivery failure. The specific message '[PH01] Email not accepted for policy reasons' means that the email was rejected due to suspected policy violations, often related to phishing or spam-like content.
Documentation from Google Workspace advises that to prevent emails from being blocked or marked as spam (which can trigger errors similar to PH01), it's essential to set up DKIM correctly. This helps verify that your emails are legitimate and haven't been tampered with, reducing the likelihood of being flagged as phishing.