What can cause domain reputation to decrease and how can it be fixed?

Summary

A domain's reputation can be negatively impacted by various factors, including sending unwanted email, high spam complaint rates, low engagement, being blacklisted, and poor authentication practices (SPF, DKIM, DMARC). Sudden changes in sending volume, sending to invalid addresses, infrastructure issues like IP addresses ending up on blocklists, and content-related issues (spam trigger words, deceptive subject lines) also contribute. Recovering domain reputation involves rewarming, identifying root causes, cleaning email lists, improving consent practices, diversifying lead sources, authenticating email, engaging subscribers with valuable content, monitoring the sender score, and avoiding spiky traffic patterns. DNSBLs can also impact your domain reputation and should be monitored.

Key findings

  • Data Quality & Consent: Poor data quality, sending to invalid addresses, and lack of explicit consent significantly harm domain reputation. Assuming consent is a bad practice.
  • Authentication is Crucial: Proper authentication (SPF, DKIM, DMARC) is vital for establishing sender credibility and trust. Alignment issues can also cause drops in reputation.
  • Engagement Metrics Matter: Low engagement rates (opens/clicks), high spam complaints, and high bounce rates directly damage sender reputation.
  • Sending Volume & Patterns: Sudden increases in sending volume, unusual traffic spikes, and inconsistent sending cadences are viewed as suspicious and negatively impact reputation.
  • Content is King: The content of emails, including the subject line and body, needs to be engaging and free of spam triggers. Clear unsubscribe options are essential.
  • Infrastructure is Critical: Infrastructure problems, like IP addresses ending up on blocklists, are a fast track to a poor reputation.

Key considerations

  • Rewarming & Root Cause: Address the root cause; simply rewarming isn't enough.
  • Infrastructure: System understading is essential for fixing infrastructure problems.
  • Get Consents: Impliment better methods of opt-in, such as a scheduler asking for consent.
  • Authentication Status: Ensure SPF, DKIM, and DMARC are fully implemented.
  • List Hygiene: Clean you Email lists to increase engagement and lower bounce rates.
  • Email Cadence: Avoid spiky emails as it can hurt sender reputation.
  • Blocklist Status: Actively use FBLs to identify and remove complainers promptly.
  • Blocklist Checks: Check regularly to ensure domain or IP addresses are not blacklisted

What email marketers say
28Marketer opinions

Domain reputation can decrease due to a multitude of factors related to email sending practices, data quality, content, and technical configurations. Specifically, sending to invalid email addresses, high spam complaint rates, low engagement (opens/clicks), being blacklisted, poor authentication practices (SPF, DKIM, DMARC issues, or lack thereof), sudden changes in sending volume, and sending unwanted or unengaging content all contribute to a decline. Technical issues like compromised accounts leading to spiky sending patterns, IP addresses appearing on blocklists, and DKIM alignment problems also negatively impact reputation. Recovery involves rewarming domains, root cause analysis, cleaning email lists, improving content quality, ensuring proper domain authentication, engaging subscribers through segmentation and valuable content, actively monitoring sending reputation, and adhering to consistent sending cadences to avoid both over-mailing and under-mailing. Avoiding assumed consent and diversifying lead sources are important strategies.

Key opinions

  • Data Quality: Poor data quality, including sending to invalid email addresses, using signup forms with bot activity, and acquiring subscribers without explicit consent (assumed consent) significantly harms domain reputation.
  • Engagement: Low engagement rates (opens and clicks), high spam complaint rates, and unsubscribes are indicators of poor content and targeting strategies, negatively affecting domain reputation.
  • Authentication: Lack of proper email authentication (SPF, DKIM, DMARC) or misconfigurations (e.g., DKIM alignment issues) makes it difficult for inbox providers to verify sender legitimacy, thus lowering reputation.
  • Sending Patterns: Sudden changes in sending volume, especially without warming up new IPs, and inconsistent sending cadences (over-mailing and under-mailing) are flagged as suspicious behavior by spam filters.
  • Content Quality: Poor content quality, using spam-triggering keywords, deceptive subject lines, and failing to provide clear unsubscribe options, damage sender reputation.
  • Technical Issues: Technical problems such as infrastructure problems (compromised account sending spam or IPs on blocklists) cause drops in domain reputation.

Key considerations

  • Rewarming: If domain reputation drops, rewarming is needed.
  • Root Cause Analysis: Identifying and addressing the root causes of reputation decline is critical for long-term improvement; simply rewarming the domain is not enough.
  • Consent: Explicit consent is required to add subscribers.
  • Traffic Analysis: Spikes in traffic need to be managed.
  • Monitoring: It is important to monitor the spam complaint rate dashboard in postmaster tools and check the new compliance dashboard.
  • IP Reputation: Domain Reputation is based on IP reputation.
  • Email List Management: Maintaining a clean email list by removing bounced and unengaged subscribers to minimise complaints.
Marketer view

Email marketer from SendPulse answers that to improve sender reputation, you need to authenticate your email, maintain a clean email list, send engaging content, segment your audience, warm up your IP address, and monitor your sender score.

October 2023 - SendPulse
Marketer view

Email marketer from Email Geeks shares to have the schedulers ask when booking 'Would you like for us to send you a $time_frame newsletter with tips on keeping your system in shape?'

November 2021 - Email Geeks
Marketer view

Email marketer from Reddit shares that a sudden drop in reputation is caused by a sudden change in user's mailing behavior. Have you increased mailing volume suddenly? Or are people starting to mark your mail as spam?

November 2024 - Reddit
Marketer view

Email marketer from Email Geeks shares to check the Spam complaint rate dashboard in postmaster tools to rule that out as the source of issues and to check the new compliance dashboard.

March 2024 - Email Geeks
Marketer view

Email marketer from Litmus explains that your email content affects deliverability, causing a lower domain reputation. Overusing certain words or phrases associated with spam, not providing a clear unsubscribe link, or using a deceptive subject line can all negatively impact your sender reputation.

November 2022 - Litmus
Marketer view

Email marketer from Stack Overflow shares that a large amount of bounces on an email address can ruin your sender reputation, and you should remove the emails which are bouncing from the send list.

December 2022 - Stack Overflow
Marketer view

Email marketer from Email Geeks explains mailing too frequently burns your list with unsubscribes and spam complaint opt outs and mailing too infrequently causes the engagement history in the filter will have gone stale, the subscriber may forget you, or the email could go invalid and/or turn into a spam trap.

August 2023 - Email Geeks
Marketer view

Email marketer from Mailjet shares that sender reputation can be affected by spam complaints, sending to invalid email addresses, low engagement rates (opens/clicks), being blacklisted, and poor authentication practices.

May 2024 - Mailjet
Marketer view

Email marketer from Email Geeks shares to diversify your lead sources, you gotta be everywhere to look legit. Facebook, Google PPC, Google Maps page, Angie’s List, etc.

July 2024 - Email Geeks
Marketer view

Email marketer from Email Geeks shares all of the landing pages from those sources should point to a CTA that includes an opportunity to sign up, the CTA needs to be about value to the recipient, not your client

August 2024 - Email Geeks
Marketer view

Email marketer from Email Geeks responds it can. You can over-mail and you can under-mail

February 2023 - Email Geeks
Marketer view

Email marketer from Email Geeks responds if they took away something you had, they didn't like what they were seeing, and it's less likely to be infrastructure.

May 2022 - Email Geeks
Marketer view

Email marketer from EmailToolTester explains that gradually increasing your sending volume when using a new IP address is crucial. Suddenly sending large volumes of emails from a new IP without warming it up can damage your reputation and trigger spam filters.

August 2023 - EmailToolTester
Marketer view

Email marketer from Email Geeks shares Spam filters are risk management systems, and risk management hates spikes on the graph.

March 2024 - Email Geeks
Marketer view

Email marketer from Reddit explains that DKIM alignment issues can affect deliverability, causing a lower domain reputation. The 'd=' parameter in the DKIM signature must match your sending domain.

March 2022 - Reddit
Marketer view

Email marketer from Gmass explains that sending to invalid email addresses frequently increases your bounce rate, indicating poor list hygiene. Email service providers will see this as a sign of poor sending practices and lower your sender reputation.

August 2021 - Gmass
Marketer view

Email marketer from Email Geeks explains anything that affects your traffic shape can affect your deliverability and too frequent and too infrequent cadences are a problem.

December 2022 - Email Geeks
Marketer view

Email marketer from Email Geeks shares that if your domain rep dropped because a bot was using your signup form, then that will suffer disproportionately because the content reputation will depreciate before the whole domain does.

June 2022 - Email Geeks
Marketer view

Email marketer from Email Geeks explains that domain reputation decline needs rewarming and root cause analysis and if the data, content, or targeting strategy is poor quality, reputation is likely to decline.

April 2023 - Email Geeks
Marketer view

Email marketer from Email Geeks shares if you email too frequently to folks that are disengaged it also dilutes your engagement ratios which will ultimately hurt your sender reputation.

November 2023 - Email Geeks
Marketer view

Email marketer from Email Geeks responds they HATE unexpectedly spiky behavior because that's how accounts look when they get compromised.

March 2023 - Email Geeks
Marketer view

Email marketer from Email Geeks explains it’s likely to lead to higher spam complaints, which will drop your domain rep and then engagement lowers as inbox placement does and results in less interested subscribers being added to the list.

March 2021 - Email Geeks
Marketer view

Email marketer from Email Geeks shares if you under-mail, people will forget they signed up and assume you're spamming them when you do mail. If you over-mail they'll shout "PLEASE DEAR GOD MAKE IT STOP" and then click the spam button

March 2022 - Email Geeks
Marketer view

Email marketer from Neil Patel shares that building and protecting your sender reputation involves consistently delivering valuable content, avoiding spam traps, obtaining explicit consent from subscribers, and regularly cleaning your email list to remove inactive or invalid addresses.

September 2021 - Neil Patel
Marketer view

Email marketer from Email Geeks shares it won't affect 100% of emails, but you’ll start seeing unreliable inbox placement with new subscribers and difficulty reaching back since last engagement.

December 2024 - Email Geeks
Marketer view

Email marketer from ZeroBounce shares that regularly cleaning your email list removes inactive and invalid email addresses, preventing high bounce rates and spam complaints. Consistent list maintenance is key to protecting your sender reputation.

October 2024 - ZeroBounce
Marketer view

Email marketer from Email Geeks responds that people who are automatically added to a list without asking them are likely less engaged as people who give enthusiastic permission.

November 2023 - Email Geeks
Marketer view

Email marketer from GlockApps explains that Domain Reputation is based on the IP reputation of the servers used to send the email, and domain authentication is required for it to work properly.

March 2021 - GlockApps

What the experts say
4Expert opinions

Domain reputation can decrease rapidly due to infrastructure problems that result in IP addresses being added to blocklists. Implementing all three forms of authentication (SPF, DKIM, and DMARC) is critical for building sender reputation. Proactively signing up for feedback loops (FBLs) and removing complainers is a key strategy. DNSBLs or DNS Blocklists are key to ensuring your reputation is good.

Key opinions

  • Infrastructure: Infrastructure problems leading to IP blocklisting are the fastest way to damage domain reputation.
  • Authentication: Implementing SPF, DKIM, and DMARC is a minimum requirement for establishing sender reputation and trust.
  • Feedback Loops: Signing up for feedback loops (FBLs) allows for the removal of complainers from mailing lists, reducing spam reports.
  • DNSBLs: DNSBLs can impact your domain reputation because they are a key factor in determining whether your emails are delivered to the inbox or filtered as spam.

Key considerations

  • System Understanding: Understanding your own systems is essential for fixing infrastructure problems.
  • FBL Implementation: Actively use FBLs to identify and remove complainers promptly.
  • Triple Authentication: Ensure that SPF, DKIM, and DMARC are fully implemented and correctly configured.
  • Blocklist Monitoring: It is important to monitor DNSBL lists and ensure you aren't listed. If you are listed get removed ASAP.
Expert view

Expert from Word to the Wise explains that it is critical that senders implement all three forms of authentication (SPF, DKIM, and DMARC) since this is the minimum requirement for inbox providers when establishing sender reputation and trust.

April 2024 - Word to the Wise
Expert view

Expert from Word to the Wise explains that one of the easiest ways to protect a sender's reputation is to sign up for every Feedback Loop (FBL) that's offered to you so that you can remove complainers from your mailing lists, which helps decrease the chances of those same subscribers calling you spam.

July 2021 - Word to the Wise
Expert view

Expert from Spam Resource shares that DNSBLs (DNS Blocklists) can impact your domain reputation because they are a key factor in determining whether your emails are delivered to the inbox or filtered as spam, so you want to ensure you are not on any.

June 2023 - Spam Resource
Expert view

Expert from Word to the Wise explains that if you are responsible for your mail stream, infrastructure problems that result in an IP showing up on blocklists are the fastest way to tank a reputation, and fixing them generally involves understanding your own systems.

August 2023 - Word to the Wise

What the documentation says
3Technical articles

Domain reputation can decrease when sending unwanted email, leading to spam reports. Improving deliverability involves ensuring proper authentication with SPF, DKIM, and DMARC. It is also important to monitor sender reputation, use tools like Microsoft SNDS, and adhere to list management and content creation best practices. Using SPF records verifies the server's authority to send emails on behalf of the domain, greatly improving reputation.

Key findings

  • Unwanted Email: Sending unwanted email leads to spam reports and a lower sender reputation.
  • Authentication: Proper domain authentication with SPF, DKIM, and DMARC is crucial for improving email deliverability.
  • SPF Records: SPF records verify the sending server's authority, improving domain reputation.
  • Reputation Monitoring: Monitoring sender reputation using tools like Microsoft SNDS is essential.

Key considerations

  • Email Content: Focus on sending wanted, relevant, and engaging email content to avoid spam reports.
  • Technical Implementation: Ensure SPF, DKIM, and DMARC are correctly implemented and up-to-date.
  • List Management: Follow best practices for list management, including obtaining consent and regularly cleaning your list.
  • Proactive Monitoring: Monitor your sending reputation proactively to identify and address any issues quickly.
Technical article

Documentation from Google explains that to maintain a good sender reputation, avoid sending unwanted email. If users consider your mail unwanted, they may report it as spam, which will cause a lower sender reputation in the future.

March 2021 - Google
Technical article

Documentation from Microsoft explains to improve email deliverability, ensure your domain is properly authenticated with SPF, DKIM, and DMARC, monitor your sending reputation using tools like Microsoft SNDS, and follow best practices for list management and content creation.

February 2024 - Microsoft
Technical article

Documentation from RFC explains that using SPF records can greatly improve your domain reputation as it verifies that the server you are sending from has the right to send on behalf of the domain in question.

February 2023 - RFC-Editor