What are the deliverability challenges and risks associated with sending cold emails?

Summary

Sending cold emails presents numerous deliverability challenges and risks. Sophisticated spam filters used by providers like Gmail and Microsoft's EOP analyze factors like sender reputation, email content, and user engagement, often flagging unsolicited cold emails. A key challenge is maintaining a positive sender reputation, which can be damaged by high bounce rates, spam complaints, lack of email authentication (SPF, DKIM, DMARC), and hitting spam traps. Furthermore, non-compliance with regulations like GDPR and CAN-SPAM poses legal risks. Low engagement, caused by unengaging subject lines or irrelevant content, leads to low open rates and a decreased sender score. Sending to invalid addresses, using seeded lists, aggressive tracking and damaging IP reputation also significantly impact deliverability, and might result in blacklisting. Additionally, using commercial ESPs for cold emailing could violate their anti-spam policies.

Key findings

  • Spam Filtering: Sophisticated spam filtering algorithms used by Gmail and Exchange Online Protection (EOP) often flag unsolicited cold emails.
  • Sender Reputation: Maintaining a positive sender reputation is crucial but is challenged by various factors.
  • Email Authentication: Failure to properly implement SPF, DKIM, and DMARC can result in emails being flagged as spam.
  • Legal Compliance: Non-compliance with regulations like GDPR and CAN-SPAM poses a significant legal risk.
  • Engagement: Low engagement rates lead to low open rates and decreased sender score.
  • Blacklisting: High bounce rates, spam complaints, hitting spam traps and damaging IP Reputation can lead to being blacklisted.
  • ESP Policies: Using commercial ESPs for cold emailing could violate their anti-spam policies.
  • Seeded Lists: Sending to seeded lists and spam traps negatively affects sender reputation
  • Aggressive Tracking: Aggressive Tracking Increases change of emails being flagged as spam.

Key considerations

  • Email Authentication: Properly implement email authentication protocols (SPF, DKIM, DMARC).
  • List Management: Maintain clean and validated email lists to avoid sending to invalid addresses, spam traps, and reduce bounce rates.
  • Content Optimization: Optimize email content to avoid triggering spam filters and ensure relevance and engagement.
  • Compliance: Ensure compliance with GDPR, CAN-SPAM, and other applicable regulations.
  • Sender Reputation Monitoring: Monitor sender score and blacklist status to proactively identify and address deliverability issues.
  • Personalization & Engagement: Personalize emails and create compelling subject lines to improve open rates and engagement.
  • IP Warmup: Warm up IP addresses before sending cold emails.
  • Avoid Seeded Lists: Refrain from using seeded lists.
  • Minimize Tracking: Avoid aggressive tracking methods to reduce chances of being flagged as spam.

What email marketers say
12Marketer opinions

Sending cold emails presents several deliverability challenges and risks. These include low deliverability rates due to spam filters and poor sender reputation, maintaining a positive sender reputation amidst high bounce rates and spam complaints, and the potential for legal repercussions due to non-compliance with regulations like GDPR and CAN-SPAM. Low engagement due to unengaging subject lines and non-personalized content contributes to low open rates and sender score degradation. Furthermore, there's a risk of being blacklisted due to hitting spam traps, sending to invalid email addresses, or damaging IP reputation through high-volume sending. Utilizing commercial ESPs for cold emailing could violate their anti-spam policies.

Key opinions

  • Deliverability Rates: Cold emails often face low deliverability rates because of spam filters and poor sender reputation.
  • Sender Reputation: Maintaining a positive sender reputation is crucial, but it's challenged by high bounce rates, spam complaints, and lack of email authentication.
  • Legal Compliance: Non-compliance with regulations like GDPR and CAN-SPAM poses a significant risk, leading to potential fines and legal issues.
  • Engagement: Low engagement, caused by unengaging subject lines and irrelevant content, results in low open rates and damage to the sender score.
  • Blacklisting: High bounce rates, spam complaints, and hitting spam traps can lead to being blacklisted by email service providers.
  • IP Reputation: Damaging IP reputation by sending a large number of cold emails can lead to being blacklisted.
  • ESP Policies: Using commercial ESPs for cold emailing may violate their anti-spam policies, risking account termination.

Key considerations

  • Sender Reputation Management: Actively monitor and maintain sender score to ensure positive sender reputation.
  • List Hygiene: Practice good list hygiene by regularly cleaning email lists and removing invalid addresses to prevent high bounce rates.
  • Personalization: Personalize emails and craft compelling subject lines to improve open rates and engagement.
  • Email Authentication: Implement email authentication protocols (SPF, DKIM, DMARC) correctly to verify sender identity.
  • Compliance: Ensure compliance with regulations like GDPR and CAN-SPAM by obtaining explicit consent and providing opt-out options.
  • IP Warmup: Warm up IP address before sending cold emails to prevent being blacklisted.
  • Content: Create valuable and relevant content to engage recipients instead of focusing solely on pitching products.
Marketer view

Marketer from Email Geeks shares that sending unsolicited commercial emails can lead to constant deliverability issues, making it an uphill battle, even if it's possible to make money.

June 2024 - Email Geeks
Marketer view

Email marketer from Reddit user u/ColdEmailGuru mentions that a common challenge is low open rates, often caused by unengaging subject lines or irrelevant content. Personalizing emails and crafting compelling subject lines can improve open rates.

September 2022 - Reddit
Marketer view

Email marketer from Hunter.io says that the lack of list validation makes it risky because sending to invalid email addresses will damage deliverability, therefore, the challenge is to clean email lists regularly to prevent high bounce rates.

May 2024 - Hunter.io
Marketer view

Marketer from Email Geeks warns that using a commercial email service provider for cold emailing might violate their anti-spam policy, potentially leading to account termination.

December 2022 - Email Geeks
Marketer view

Email marketer from Neil Patel explains that cold emails often suffer from low deliverability rates due to spam filters and lack of established sender reputation. Building a positive sender reputation is essential for improved deliverability.

January 2025 - Neil Patel
Marketer view

Email marketer from Klenty notes that a significant risk is non-compliance with regulations like GDPR and CAN-SPAM, which require explicit consent and opt-out options. Failure to comply can lead to hefty fines and legal issues.

December 2022 - Klenty
Marketer view

Email marketer from Mailerlite shares that a risk of low engagement rate is sending cold emails, and therefore, it decreases the sender score. Try to engage with email users by providing valuable information, instead of pitching products.

March 2024 - Mailerlite
Marketer view

Email marketer from Gmass shares that the lack of personalization in cold emails damages performance and that this can lead to lower engagement and higher spam complaints. Focus on customizing emails to each recipient.

October 2021 - Gmass
Marketer view

Email marketer from Woodpecker.co shares that a key challenge in cold emailing is maintaining a positive sender reputation, which can be damaged by high bounce rates, spam complaints, and lack of email authentication. Monitor your sender score regularly.

July 2023 - Woodpecker.co
Marketer view

Marketer from Email Geeks explains that all the effort put into writing cool copy, crafting smart CTAs, and targeting the right demographics or companies is often destroyed by the high complaint rate from sending unsolicited commercial emails.

August 2022 - Email Geeks
Marketer view

Email marketer from Reply.io details that damaging your IP reputation by sending a large number of cold emails can result in being blacklisted and deliverability issues. They recommend warming your IP address before sending cold emails.

October 2024 - Reply.io
Marketer view

Email marketer from Email Marketing Forum User123 shares that a significant risk is getting blacklisted by email service providers due to high bounce rates, spam complaints, or sending to spam traps. Monitoring blacklist status and practicing good list hygiene are crucial.

August 2023 - Email Marketing Forum

What the experts say
3Expert opinions

Sending cold emails involves the risk of being heavily filtered by email providers like Gmail, with a significant portion ending up in spam folders. Additionally, using seeded lists increases the likelihood of hitting spam traps, harming sender reputation. Aggressive tracking of opens and clicks, common in spamming practices, can also lead to cold emails being flagged as spam.

Key opinions

  • Gmail Filtering: Gmail filters a significant portion (66-75%) of cold emails into the spam folder.
  • Spam Traps: Sending cold emails to seeded lists increases the probability of hitting spam traps, negatively impacting sender reputation.
  • Aggressive Tracking: Aggressive tracking of opens and clicks increases the chances of cold emails being marked as spam.

Key considerations

  • Avoid Seeded Lists: Refrain from using seeded lists to minimize the risk of hitting spam traps.
  • Minimize Tracking: Avoid aggressive tracking methods to reduce the likelihood of being flagged as spam.
  • Content Assessment: Review email content and structure to ensure it doesn't trigger spam filters used by Gmail.
Expert view

Expert from Email Geeks states that Gmail filters a significant portion (66-75%) of cold emails into the spam folder.

April 2021 - Email Geeks
Expert view

Expert from Spam Resource shares that aggressive tracking of opens and clicks, especially with embedded images or links, is a technique used by spammers. Implementing aggressive tracking in cold emails increases the chances of getting marked as spam.

November 2024 - Spam Resource
Expert view

Expert from Word to the Wise explains that sending cold emails to seeded lists increases the probability of hitting spam traps which will negatively impact sender reputation.

May 2021 - Word to the Wise

What the documentation says
4Technical articles

Sending cold emails presents deliverability challenges due to sophisticated spam filtering by email providers like Gmail and Microsoft's Exchange Online Protection (EOP). These systems analyze sender reputation, email content, and user engagement. Failure to implement email authentication protocols (SPF, DKIM, DMARC) and the risk of hitting spam traps further threaten deliverability, potentially leading to blacklisting.

Key findings

  • Spam Filtering: Gmail and Exchange Online Protection (EOP) employ sophisticated spam filtering algorithms.
  • Authentication: Failure to implement SPF, DKIM, and DMARC can lead to emails being flagged as spam.
  • Spam Traps: Hitting spam traps can severely damage sender reputation and lead to blacklisting.

Key considerations

  • Authentication Implementation: Properly implement email authentication protocols (SPF, DKIM, DMARC).
  • List Management: Avoid sending emails to potential spam traps by maintaining a clean email list.
  • Content Optimization: Optimize email content to avoid triggering spam filters.
Technical article

Documentation from Google explains that Gmail uses sophisticated spam filtering algorithms that analyze various factors, including sender reputation, email content, and user engagement, to identify and filter out unwanted emails. Cold emails often trigger these filters due to their unsolicited nature.

June 2022 - Google Workspace Admin Help
Technical article

Documentation from Microsoft details that Exchange Online Protection (EOP) employs various techniques to combat spam and phishing, including content filtering, connection filtering, and sender reputation checks. Cold emails are likely to be scrutinized under these protections.

August 2021 - Microsoft Learn
Technical article

Documentation from Spamhaus describes the risk of hitting spam traps, which are email addresses used to identify spammers. Sending emails to spam traps can severely damage your sender reputation and lead to blacklisting. Cold emails are more prone to hitting these traps.

October 2024 - Spamhaus
Technical article

Documentation from Mailjet emphasizes the importance of email authentication protocols (SPF, DKIM, DMARC) to verify the sender's identity and improve deliverability. Failure to properly implement these protocols can result in cold emails being flagged as spam.

November 2023 - Mailjet