Should sending domains resolve to the same IP addresses as mail servers?

Summary

Experts and documentation across the email industry agree that sending domains do not need to resolve to the same IP addresses as mail servers. The consensus emphasizes the paramount importance of domain authentication using SPF, DKIM, and DMARC protocols for ensuring deliverability. Reverse DNS (PTR records) for sending IPs are also vital. The advice to whitelist IPs directly without domain authentication is considered outdated and potentially confusing.

Key findings

  • Authentication is Key: SPF, DKIM, and DMARC are the primary mechanisms for authenticating email and ensuring deliverability; their correct implementation is more crucial than IP resolution.
  • IP Resolution is Secondary: The IP address that a sending domain resolves to is not directly relevant to email deliverability, as long as authentication protocols are in place.
  • Importance of PTR Records: Reverse DNS (PTR records) for sending IPs should map back to the sending domain to establish trust.
  • Whitelisting Best Practices: Recipients should whitelist authenticated mail from the sending domain rather than relying solely on IP addresses.

Key considerations

  • Implement SPF, DKIM, and DMARC: Properly configure SPF, DKIM, and DMARC for your sending domain to ensure authentication.
  • Set up Reverse DNS: Ensure your sending IPs have corresponding PTR records that point back to your domain.
  • Avoid IP-Based Whitelisting: Discourage reliance on IP whitelisting without domain authentication, as IPs can change.
  • Ensure Domain Validity: Verify that your sending domain is valid and properly configured for email sending.

What email marketers say
10Marketer opinions

Multiple email marketing experts and documentation sources agree that sending domains do not need to resolve to the same IP addresses as mail servers. Instead, the focus should be on proper domain authentication using SPF, DKIM, and DMARC, as these are the primary mechanisms for verifying sender identity and ensuring email deliverability. Reverse DNS (PTR records) for mail server IPs is also important.

Key opinions

  • IP Irrelevance: The IP address to which a sending domain resolves is not directly related to email deliverability.
  • Authentication Focus: SPF, DKIM, and DMARC are critical for authenticating the sender and ensuring emails are not flagged as spam.
  • Reverse DNS Importance: Reverse DNS (PTR records) for mail server IPs is more important than the A record of the sending domain.
  • Reputation Building: Sending domains are primarily used for authentication and reputation building, not direct IP-based delivery.

Key considerations

  • SPF Record Accuracy: Ensure your SPF record accurately lists all authorized sending sources (mail servers and ESPs).
  • DKIM Setup: Implement DKIM to digitally sign your emails, further verifying their authenticity.
  • DMARC Policy: Configure DMARC to instruct receiving mail servers on how to handle emails that fail SPF and DKIM checks.
  • PTR Record Configuration: Verify that your mail server IPs have properly configured reverse DNS (PTR records) pointing to your sending domain.
  • Monitor Reputation: Actively monitor your domain and IP reputation to identify and address any deliverability issues.
Marketer view

Email marketer from EmailOctopus Blog shares that the sending domain is primarily used for authentication (SPF, DKIM) and reputation building. It doesn't necessarily need to resolve to the same IP as the mail server; proper authentication is more crucial.

September 2023 - EmailOctopus Blog
Marketer view

Email marketer from StackOverflow answers question clarifying that the 'sending domain' is primarily for identifying your brand, whereas SPF/DKIM records associated with your actual mail servers handle authentication. The two aren't directly linked IP-wise.

September 2021 - StackOverflow
Marketer view

Email marketer from Mailjet Blog responds that the sending domain's primary function is to authenticate your emails and establish sender reputation. While it's beneficial to have a valid A record, it's not strictly required to match the mail server's IP address. Focus should be on SPF, DKIM, and DMARC.

November 2023 - Mailjet Blog
Marketer view

Email marketer from Neil Patel Blog explains that sending domains do not need to resolve to the same IP addresses as mail servers. The A record of your sending domain is less critical for email deliverability than proper SPF, DKIM, and DMARC configurations.

December 2024 - Neil Patel Blog
Marketer view

Email marketer from Email Geeks shares that the IP addresses sending domains resolve to are unrelated to the IP addresses that email is sent from, so domains don't need to have the IP addresses they resolve to included in their SPF records.

December 2022 - Email Geeks
Marketer view

Email marketer from Super User shares that reverse DNS (PTR records) for your mail server IPs is more important than the A record of your sending domain. A consistent reverse DNS helps with deliverability.

July 2021 - Super User
Marketer view

Email marketer from SendPulse Blog shares that the primary role of SPF, DKIM, and DMARC is to verify the sender's authenticity and prevent spoofing. They note that focusing on these protocols is more crucial than ensuring the sending domain's IP matches the mail server's IP.

January 2024 - SendPulse Blog
Marketer view

Email marketer from GlockApps suggests building a positive sending domain reputation by ensuring consistent sending practices and domain authentication. They say the IP address resolution of the sending domain is less important than consistent authentication using SPF, DKIM, and DMARC.

January 2025 - GlockApps
Marketer view

Email marketer from MailerLite explains that when setting up DNS records for email, the focus should be on configuring SPF and DKIM to authorize MailerLite's servers to send email on your behalf. The A record of the sending domain is a separate concern and less relevant to email deliverability.

September 2023 - MailerLite
Marketer view

Email marketer from Reddit answers in a thread that it's more important to have a proper SPF record that includes your email service provider's servers than it is to have your sending domain resolve to those same IPs. The SPF record is what mail servers check.

July 2021 - Reddit

What the experts say
5Expert opinions

Email deliverability experts generally agree that sending domains do not need to resolve to the same IP addresses as the mail servers sending the email. They emphasize that focusing on proper authentication mechanisms like SPF and DKIM is more crucial. One expert highlights the importance of reverse DNS (PTR records) for sending IPs. IP whitelisting is discouraged in favor of domain authentication.

Key opinions

  • IP Resolution Not Required: Sending domains are not required to resolve to the same IP addresses as mail servers.
  • SPF/DKIM Priority: SPF and DKIM are the primary mechanisms for authenticating email and ensuring deliverability.
  • Reverse DNS Importance: Reverse DNS (PTR records) for sending IPs is crucial for establishing trust and deliverability.
  • Domain Authentication over IP Whitelisting: Domain authentication using SPF and DKIM is preferred over IP whitelisting for long-term maintainability.

Key considerations

  • Implement SPF and DKIM: Ensure SPF and DKIM are correctly configured for your sending domain.
  • Configure Reverse DNS: Set up reverse DNS (PTR records) for your sending IPs to point back to your domain.
  • Prioritize Domain Authentication: Encourage recipients to whitelist authenticated mail from your domain rather than specific IP addresses.
  • Avoid Misleading Advice: Be cautious of advice suggesting IP whitelisting without proper domain authentication.
Expert view

Expert from Spam Resource explains that the goal is to authenticate email communications by using SPF to publish a list of authorized IP addresses for a domain. It also says if you add multiple domains in your from header, you must make sure you include all of the parent domains in the SPF record to authenticate the email.

January 2025 - Spam Resource
Expert view

Expert from Email Geeks explains that relying on IP whitelisting leads to updating issues when IPs change. He highlights that SPF and DKIM exist to avoid IP-based sender authentication.

June 2024 - Email Geeks
Expert view

Expert from Email Geeks advises, assuming SPF and DKIM are correctly set up, to ask customers to whitelist authenticated mail from the domain. Including DKIM d= and SPF authenticated return path hostnames may add detail.

February 2023 - Email Geeks
Expert view

Expert from Word to the Wise shares that a key element in email authentication and deliverability is ensuring that your sending IPs have proper reverse DNS (PTR records) that map back to your sending domain. This is more crucial than the forward DNS (A record) matching the mail server's IP.

May 2023 - Word to the Wise
Expert view

Expert from Email Geeks explains that sending domains (return path/bounce address) need not resolve to any IP address, and if they do, it often doesn’t have anything to do with where the mail is sent from. He suggests the advice being given to the client is likely confused.

July 2023 - Email Geeks

What the documentation says
5Technical articles

Email deliverability documentation consistently states that sending domains are primarily used for sender identification and authentication purposes. Resolving to the mail server's IP address is not a requirement. SPF, DKIM, and DMARC are the key technologies for verifying sender identity and domain alignment, rendering the IP address of the sending domain less critical for email deliverability.

Key findings

  • Authentication over IP: Email authentication (SPF, DKIM, DMARC) is more important than the IP address of the sending domain.
  • Sender Identification: Sending domains are primarily used for identifying the sender in the 'MAIL FROM' field.
  • Domain Alignment: DMARC focuses on domain alignment between the 'From:' header and SPF/DKIM, not IP address alignment.
  • SPF Validation: SPF validates the sending server, not the sending domain's host IP.

Key considerations

  • Implement SPF: Ensure SPF is configured correctly to authorize sending sources for your domain.
  • Implement DKIM: Deploy DKIM to sign your emails cryptographically.
  • Implement DMARC: Set up a DMARC policy to instruct receiving servers on how to handle unauthenticated emails.
  • Ensure Domain Validity: Ensure the sending domain is valid and properly configured for authentication purposes.
Technical article

Documentation from DKIMProxy.org details that DKIM relies on cryptographic signatures verified against a public key published in DNS for the sending domain. It is designed to address sender authentication without requiring direct IP address correlation.

September 2021 - DKIMProxy.org
Technical article

Documentation from Microsoft Learn explains that SPF records authenticate sending sources for a domain. The focus is on authorized mail servers, not necessarily requiring the sending domain's A record to match those servers' IPs. SPF validates the sending server, not the sending domain's host IP.

January 2024 - Microsoft Learn
Technical article

Documentation from Google Workspace explains the requirements for bulk email sending, emphasizing domain authentication (SPF, DKIM, DMARC). While a valid sending domain is important, the IP address alignment isn't specifically mentioned as a requirement. The focus is on valid authentication signals.

December 2023 - Google
Technical article

Documentation from RFC Editor explains that while mail servers need resolvable domain names, the 'MAIL FROM' domain (often the sending domain) is primarily used for identifying the sender. Resolving to the mail server's IP is not a requirement, but the domain must be valid for authentication purposes.

December 2023 - RFC Editor
Technical article

Documentation from DMARC.org shares that DMARC focuses on domain alignment between the 'From:' header, SPF, and DKIM. The underlying IP address of the sending domain is not directly relevant to DMARC evaluation, as long as SPF and DKIM pass and align with the domain.

July 2024 - DMARC.org