How to troubleshoot email bounce issues with Charter/Spectrum due to concurrent connections?

Summary

Troubleshooting email bounce issues with Charter/Spectrum due to concurrent connections involves a multifaceted approach. It starts with understanding the bounce reason and confirming if you are on a dedicated IP. ISPs like Charter/Spectrum limit concurrent connections to prevent spam, and throttling is common. The issue may stem from the MTA opening too many connections, not just traditional throttling. Engaging with your ESP to configure connection limits, especially if on a dedicated IP, is crucial, though some ESPs might be resistant. Reducing connections, checking sending infrastructure throttling, gradually warming up IPs, and using multiple sending domains can help. Utilizing tools like telnet/netcat, checking DNS records (SPF, DKIM, DMARC) and blacklist status with MXToolbox, monitoring bounce rates, segmenting lists, and reviewing error logs for connection-related issues are important. Managing sender reputation and adhering to SMTP guidelines (RFC 5321) are key.

Key findings

  • Connection Limits & Throttling: ISPs like Charter/Spectrum limit concurrent connections to prevent spam, using throttling as a common practice.
  • MTA vs. Traditional Throttling: The bounce issue may be due to the MTA opening too many connections at once, not just traditional throttling methods.
  • ESP Configuration Importance: Engaging with your ESP to configure connection limits is crucial, especially when using a dedicated IP.
  • Sender Reputation Impact: Building and maintaining a good sender reputation is vital to avoid aggressive throttling by ISPs.
  • Multiple Configuration Options: Systems like Postfix and Sendmail offer configuration parameters (e.g., `smtp_destination_concurrency_limit`, `ConnectionRateThrottle`) to manage connection rates.
  • Diagnostic Tools & Monitoring: Tools like telnet/netcat can help diagnose connection issues, and monitoring bounce rates helps identify deliverability problems.
  • DNS & Blacklist Impact: Proper DNS records (SPF, DKIM, DMARC) and avoiding blacklists are essential for deliverability and preventing connection limits.

Key considerations

  • Engage with ESP: Communicate with your ESP to understand and configure appropriate connection limits.
  • Monitor Bounce Reasons: Always check the specific bounce reason provided by Charter/Spectrum for clearer insight.
  • Optimize Sending Infrastructure: Review and optimize sending infrastructure to ensure it throttles connections appropriately.
  • Implement Gradual IP Warmup: If using new IP addresses, warm them up gradually to build reputation and avoid flags.
  • Manage Sender Reputation: Actively manage sender reputation by ensuring proper authentication, engaging content, and clean lists.
  • Check Authentication: Verify that SPF, DKIM and DMARC are setup correctly.
  • Check Error Logs: Review error logs to understand and fix errors.

What email marketers say
11Marketer opinions

When troubleshooting email bounce issues with Charter/Spectrum due to concurrent connections, several strategies emerge. It's essential to verify your sending infrastructure is appropriately throttled, potentially needing more aggressive throttling, and confirm this with your ESP, urging them to adjust configurations if needed. Tools like telnet or netcat can manually test connections, while MXToolbox aids in checking server configuration (SPF, DKIM, DMARC) and blacklist status. Warming up new IPs gradually, monitoring bounce rates, and segmenting email lists for targeted campaigns can also mitigate issues. Utilizing multiple sending domains to distribute the load and checking error logs for connection-specific errors are further recommended actions. Overall, addressing concurrent connection limits requires a multi-faceted approach involving configuration adjustments, monitoring, and reputation management.

Key opinions

  • Connection Limits: Charter/Spectrum impose limits on concurrent connections to prevent spam.
  • MTA Configuration: Bounces might stem from the MTA opening too many connections simultaneously, not just traditional throttling.
  • ESP Assistance: Engage your ESP for configuration changes, especially if on a dedicated IP.
  • Infrastructure Checks: Verify sending infrastructure for proper throttling to avoid exceeding connection limits.
  • Manual Testing: Tools like telnet/netcat can diagnose connection issues manually.
  • Reputation Impact: Poor email server configuration and blacklist status can trigger connection limits.
  • IP Warmup: Gradually warm up new IP addresses to avoid being flagged for excessive connections.
  • Bounce Monitoring: Monitor bounce rates to detect connection-related deliverability problems.
  • List Segmentation: Segmented, targeted campaigns can improve engagement and reduce bounces.
  • Domain Distribution: Multiple sending domains can distribute the load, avoiding single-domain throttling.
  • Error Log Analysis: Check error logs for specific messages indicating connection limit issues.

Key considerations

  • Throttling Aggressiveness: Assess and potentially increase the aggressiveness of your email throttling.
  • ESP Cooperation: Ensure your ESP is willing to make necessary configuration changes.
  • DNS and Blacklists: Regularly check and maintain your DNS records (SPF, DKIM, DMARC) and blacklist status.
  • Reputation Building: Focus on building and maintaining a good sender reputation for better deliverability.
  • Error Log Comprehension: Understand and interpret error logs to pinpoint connection-related problems.
  • Scale sending: Scale sending gradually.
Marketer view

Email marketer from Gmass shares that using multiple sending domains can help distribute the sending load and avoid hitting connection limits with a single domain. Rotate domains to prevent any one from being throttled.

June 2021 - Gmass
Marketer view

Email marketer from Mailjet shares that segmenting email lists and sending targeted campaigns can improve engagement and reduce the likelihood of bounces. Sending relevant content helps maintain a good sender reputation.

December 2024 - Mailjet
Marketer view

Email marketer from StackOverflow suggests using tools like `telnet` or `netcat` to manually test connections to Spectrum's mail servers to diagnose connection issues. They recommend checking for error messages that indicate connection limits.

January 2023 - StackOverflow
Marketer view

Email marketer from Litmus explains that monitoring bounce rates helps identify issues with deliverability, including connection-related bounces. High bounce rates can indicate problems with throttling or reputation.

August 2021 - Litmus
Marketer view

Email marketer from SuperUser responds that you should check error logs to see what is causing the errors. The log should show you if the error is to do with too many connections, or something else.

January 2022 - SuperUser
Marketer view

Email marketer from MXToolbox advises to use their online tools to check the sender's email server configuration, including DNS records (SPF, DKIM, DMARC) and blacklist status, as these can impact deliverability and trigger connection limits.

September 2022 - MXToolbox
Marketer view

Marketer from Email Geeks clarifies that the bounce issue is not a traditional throttle, but rather the MTA is opening too many connections at once.

July 2023 - Email Geeks
Marketer view

Email marketer from EmailOnAcid shares that slowly warming up new IP addresses helps build a positive reputation and avoid being flagged for sending too many connections too quickly. Start with a small volume and gradually increase it.

June 2022 - EmailOnAcid
Marketer view

Email marketer from Reddit advises users to check their sending infrastructure and ensure they are properly throttling connections. They suggest gradually increasing sending volume to avoid triggering connection limits.

May 2021 - Reddit
Marketer view

Email marketer from Email Geeks confirms they are on a dedicated IP and their ESP is resistant to changing things, but they should lean on them due to the ongoing issue.

January 2023 - Email Geeks
Marketer view

Marketer from Email Geeks expresses surprise that this isn't part of the ESP's default traffic shaping rules.

September 2022 - Email Geeks

What the experts say
4Expert opinions

Troubleshooting email bounce issues with Charter/Spectrum due to concurrent connections involves understanding the reason for the bounce, collaborating with your ESP to configure connection limits, building a good sender reputation, and monitoring error logs. ESPs often provide details on why emails are bounced, and adjusting configurations with their assistance is key. Given throttling is a common ISP practice, maintaining a strong sender reputation becomes vital to prevent aggressive throttling. Monitoring error logs also aids in diagnosing and addressing specific connection-related issues.

Key opinions

  • Bounce Reasons: Charter/Spectrum typically provide a reason for non-delivery, aiding in diagnosis.
  • ESP Collaboration: Working with your ESP to configure connection limits is crucial.
  • Sender Reputation: Building and maintaining a good sender reputation is vital to avoid aggressive throttling.
  • Error Log Monitoring: Monitoring error logs can help identify connection limit issues.
  • Throttling Common: Throttling is a normal practice by ISPs.

Key considerations

  • Check Bounce Messages: Always investigate the specific reason for the bounce provided by Charter/Spectrum.
  • ESP Communication: Establish clear communication with your ESP to manage connection settings effectively.
  • Reputation Management: Prioritize sender reputation as a proactive measure against throttling.
  • Log Analysis: Regularly review error logs to identify and resolve connection-related problems.
  • Dedicated IP: Confirm if your are on a dedicated IP with your ESP.
Expert view

Expert from Email Geeks suggests talking to the ESP and that it's a reasonably simple config change. They also ask if they're on a dedicated IP.

November 2022 - Email Geeks
Expert view

Expert from Email Geeks asks what the reason for the bounce is, as Charter/Spectrum usually provide a reason for non-delivery.

May 2024 - Email Geeks
Expert view

Expert from Spam Resource, Steve Jones, answers that senders should work with their ESPs to properly configure connection limits and ensure they are not exceeding the thresholds set by Charter/Spectrum. He also recommends monitoring error logs for specific messages related to connection limits.

July 2022 - Spam Resource
Expert view

Expert from Word to the Wise, Laura Atkins, explains that throttling is a common practice among ISPs like Charter/Spectrum to protect their users. Senders experiencing bounce issues due to concurrent connections should focus on building and maintaining a good sender reputation to avoid being throttled aggressively.

March 2021 - Word to the Wise

What the documentation says
4Technical articles

To troubleshoot email bounce issues with Charter/Spectrum due to concurrent connections, documentation emphasizes limiting the number of connections. Spectrum Support recommends reducing connections and retrying. Postfix allows adjustment of the `smtp_destination_concurrency_limit`. RFC 5321 provides SMTP connection management guidelines. Sendmail offers the `ConnectionRateThrottle` option. All point to controlling and reducing concurrent connections.

Key findings

  • Spectrum Limits: Spectrum limits concurrent connections to prevent spam.
  • Postfix Configuration: Postfix's `smtp_destination_concurrency_limit` controls concurrent connections.
  • RFC Guidelines: RFC 5321 provides general SMTP connection management guidelines.
  • Sendmail Rate Limiting: Sendmail offers `ConnectionRateThrottle` for limiting connections.

Key considerations

  • Reduce Connections: Reduce the number of concurrent connections.
  • Postfix Adjustment: Adjust `smtp_destination_concurrency_limit` in Postfix.
  • RFC Compliance: Follow RFC 5321 guidelines for SMTP connection management.
  • Sendmail Configuration: Configure `ConnectionRateThrottle` in Sendmail.
Technical article

Documentation from Postfix.org explains the `smtp_destination_concurrency_limit` parameter, which controls the maximum number of concurrent connections to a single destination. Adjusting this setting can help manage concurrent connections.

January 2025 - Postfix.org
Technical article

Documentation from Spectrum Support explains that Spectrum limits the number of concurrent connections to prevent spam. They recommend reducing the number of connections and trying again later.

August 2023 - Spectrum Support
Technical article

Documentation from Sendmail explains that Sendmail supports connection rate limiting through the `ConnectionRateThrottle` option. This can be configured to limit the number of connections from a single IP address per unit time.

October 2022 - Sendmail.org
Technical article

Documentation from RFC Editor explains that RFC 5321 provides guidelines for SMTP connection management, including recommendations for connection establishment, maintenance, and termination. It emphasizes the importance of graceful connection handling to avoid issues.

February 2024 - RFC Editor