How do mailbox providers handle unsubscribe requests and multiple mailing lists from the same sender?

Summary

Mailbox Providers (MBPs) identify mail streams through sender authentication and track user engagement and spam complaints to determine sender reputation and deliverability. While MBPs might not inherently distinguish between multiple lists from the same sender domain, they monitor the overall recipient experience. User expectations are paramount, with many expecting an unsubscribe to remove them from all marketing communications. Therefore, senders must prioritize honoring unsubscribe requests promptly and provide clear, easy-to-find unsubscribe options, ideally one-click. Implementing preference centers, segmenting lists for targeted content, and using separate sending domains for distinct brands are best practices. Furthermore, maintaining list hygiene and adhering to standards like RFC 8058 are essential for avoiding spam complaints and preserving a positive sender reputation.

Key findings

  • Authentication & Identification: Mailbox providers identify mail streams through sender authentication, enabling them to track sender reputation and deliverability based on user engagement and spam complaints.
  • User Expectations on Unsubscribes: Most users expect an unsubscribe to remove them from all marketing communications, regardless of underlying lists or brands.
  • Importance of Preference Centers: Preference centers provide subscribers control over what emails they receive and reduce unsubscribes and spam complaints by allowing users to manage subscriptions granularly.
  • Impact of Spam Complaints: High spam complaint rates resulting from unhonored unsubscribes significantly damage sender reputation and deliverability.
  • List Hygiene Crucial: Maintaining accurate lists and promptly honoring unsubscribe requests are crucial for avoiding spam complaints and preserving sender reputation.

Key considerations

  • Honor Unsubscribes: Promptly process and honor unsubscribe requests (including RFC 8058 standards) across all mailing lists.
  • Implement Preference Centers: Create user-friendly preference centers that give recipients control over their email subscriptions, including the ability to unsubscribe from specific lists or all communications.
  • Segment Lists: Segment email lists based on interests, demographics, and behavior to deliver more relevant content and reduce the likelihood of users unsubscribing.
  • Manage Branding: Clearly brand mail streams to manage unsubscribe scope; consider separate sending domains for distinct brands to allow users to unsubscribe from a specific brand without affecting others.
  • Monitor Performance: Monitor sender reputation and deliverability using tools like Google Postmaster Tools and Microsoft SNDS, paying close attention to spam complaints and other metrics.
  • Maintain List Hygiene: Regularly clean email lists to remove inactive or disengaged subscribers, reducing the risk of spam complaints and improving engagement rates.

What email marketers say
9Marketer opinions

Mailbox providers (MBPs) primarily focus on user experience and spam prevention. They may not inherently differentiate between multiple lists from the same sender, treating them as a single entity. However, they track spam complaints and engagement metrics, which directly impact sender reputation and deliverability. Users generally expect an unsubscribe to remove them from *all* marketing communications, regardless of the number of lists. Therefore, senders need to manage user expectations and provide clear unsubscribe options to avoid spam complaints and maintain good deliverability. Implementing preference centers, segmenting lists, and using separate sending domains for different brands are recommended best practices.

Key opinions

  • MBP Perspective: MBPs primarily focus on sender reputation based on user engagement and spam complaints, and may not differentiate between multiple lists from a single sender domain.
  • User Expectations: Users generally expect an unsubscribe to apply to all marketing communications from a sender, regardless of the number of underlying lists.
  • Preference Centers: Preference centers are crucial for allowing subscribers to control their subscriptions and avoid unsubscribing from everything.
  • Global Unsubscribe: Offering a global unsubscribe option is a best practice to satisfy user expectations and prevent spam complaints.

Key considerations

  • Segmentation: Segment email lists to deliver targeted messaging and reduce the likelihood of users unsubscribing due to irrelevant content.
  • Clear Communication: Clearly communicate the scope of an unsubscribe request to manage user expectations.
  • Separate Domains: If managing multiple brands, consider using separate sending domains or subdomains to allow users to unsubscribe from specific brands without affecting others.
  • List Hygiene: Regularly clean your lists to remove inactive or disengaged subscribers to improve engagement rates and reduce spam complaints.
Marketer view

Email marketer from HubSpot shares to segment your email lists based on audience interests, demographics, or behaviors. This allows for more targeted messaging and reduces the likelihood of users unsubscribing from everything because they're receiving irrelevant content.

May 2022 - HubSpot
Marketer view

Email marketer from Reddit explains that many users don't understand the concept of multiple lists. They expect an unsubscribe to remove them from *all* marketing communications. The user recommends using a clear preference center where people can choose which lists they want to be on.

April 2024 - Reddit
Marketer view

Email marketer from a forum explains that if a company has multiple brands, it's best to use separate sending domains or subdomains to clearly differentiate the email streams. This allows users to unsubscribe from a specific brand without affecting subscriptions to other brands. A global unsubscribe should still be offered.

January 2022 - Email Marketing Forum
Marketer view

Email marketer from Mailchimp support shares that best practice is to allow a subscriber to unsubscribe from all lists or individual lists. They recommend using a preference center to allow users to manage their subscriptions, providing granular control over what they receive. They explain that it's the sender's responsibility to manage the scope of the unsubscribe request.

March 2022 - Mailchimp
Marketer view

Email marketer from Email Geeks shares that MBPs won't know senders have multiple lists, and won't care. If you have multiple lists all sending from the same domain, they'll consider it one list, as will your recipients. Solution: One list, or multiple sending (sub)domains.

August 2023 - Email Geeks
Marketer view

Email marketer from Campaign Monitor shares that preference centers allow subscribers to control what emails they receive. This is crucial when a sender manages multiple lists or types of communication. This helps avoid unsubscribes and spam complaints by giving users more control.

January 2025 - Campaign Monitor
Marketer view

Email marketer from Litmus shares that users often expect an unsubscribe to apply to all communications from a sender, unless clearly differentiated (e.g., transactional vs. marketing). Senders should manage expectations by providing clear options and a preference center.

August 2024 - Litmus
Marketer view

Email marketer from StackExchange suggests implementing a 'global unsubscribe' option. If someone clicks unsubscribe, give them the choice to unsubscribe from everything or manage their preferences. Make it easy to opt-out completely.

March 2022 - StackExchange
Marketer view

Email marketer from EmailOnAcid shares that it’s crucial to provide a clear and easy-to-find unsubscribe link in every email. It should be a one-click process, and unsubscribes should be processed quickly. They recommend honoring global unsubscribes to avoid spam complaints and protect sender reputation.

November 2022 - EmailOnAcid

What the experts say
6Expert opinions

Mailbox Providers (MBPs) identify mail streams through sender authentication and prioritize recipient happiness. Failure to honor unsubscribe requests, especially RFC8058, leads to negative consequences like spam complaints and deliverability issues. The scope of an unsubscribe depends on branding; clearly distinguished mail streams allow for granular unsubscriptions, while indistinguishable streams warrant a complete opt-out. Preference centers are crucial for user control and reducing complaints, allowing recipients to manage their subscriptions. Proper list hygiene and promptly processing unsubscribes are essential for maintaining a good sender reputation.

Key opinions

  • MBP Identification: MBPs identify mail streams via sender authentication.
  • Unsubscribe Impact: Failure to honor unsubscribe requests results in spam complaints and deliverability problems.
  • Branding Matters: The scope of an unsubscribe depends on the clarity and distinction of the branding and content of mail streams.
  • Preference Centers are Important: Well-designed preference centers allow users to control what types of emails they receive, reduce unsubscribes, and minimize spam complaints.
  • List Hygiene: Maintaining accurate lists and honoring unsubscribe requests are crucial for avoiding spam complaints and preserving sender reputation.

Key considerations

  • Honor Unsubscribes: Promptly process and honor unsubscribe requests, particularly those following RFC8058 standards.
  • Brand Clearly: Clearly brand and distinguish mail streams to allow for granular subscription management.
  • Implement Preference Centers: Implement user-friendly preference centers that allow recipients to manage their subscriptions effectively.
  • Maintain List Hygiene: Regularly clean email lists to remove inactive or disengaged subscribers and maintain accurate data.
Expert view

Expert from Word to the Wise explains the importance of preference centers. Laura Atkins suggests that well-designed preference centers can reduce unsubscribes and spam complaints by allowing users to control what types of emails they receive and how frequently. They also recommend making it easy for users to update their preferences.

June 2024 - Word to the Wise
Expert view

Expert from Email Geeks explains that if your mail streams aren’t clearly branded and distinguishable then an unsub can reasonably be expected to apply to all your content (other than account and transactional) as the user wants “no more stuff like this”, and they can’t distinguish between your mail streams. They’re all the same stuff, and they should all stop.

October 2022 - Email Geeks
Expert view

Expert from Email Geeks shares that MBPs can recognize when a sender has a trend of not honoring RFC8058 unsubscribe requests, and assuming mail is sent correctly technically, it’s the happiness of your recipients that the MBP will care about.

November 2021 - Email Geeks
Expert view

Expert from Spam Resource emphasizes the importance of proper list hygiene and honoring unsubscribe requests. They share that promptly processing unsubscribes and maintaining accurate lists is crucial for avoiding spam complaints and maintaining a good sender reputation with mailbox providers. They suggest regularly cleaning your lists to remove inactive or disengaged subscribers.

November 2022 - Spam Resource
Expert view

Expert from Email Geeks explains that if you’re sending actual newsletters, with clearly distinguished branding and content, then an unsub can reasonably be expected to apply only to that newsletter. As can a subscription.

September 2023 - Email Geeks
Expert view

Expert from Email Geeks explains that the email is authenticated by the sender, so the MBP can identify the mailstream. If the user hits the unsubscribe link and keeps getting the mail and reports it as spam that mailstream is going to have a bad time.

April 2024 - Email Geeks

What the documentation says
4Technical articles

Mailbox providers rely on the List-Unsubscribe header (RFC 8058) as a standardized method for handling unsubscribe requests. High spam complaint rates, often resulting from unhonored unsubscribe requests, significantly damage sender reputation and deliverability. Senders should monitor spam complaint data and promptly honor unsubscribe requests across all lists to maintain a positive sender reputation and ensure email delivery.

Key findings

  • Standardized Unsubscribe: The List-Unsubscribe header provides a standardized method for managing unsubscribes.
  • Spam Complaint Impact: High spam complaint rates resulting from unhonored unsubscribes negatively affect sender reputation and deliverability.
  • Reputation is Key: Sender reputation is crucial for deliverability and is directly impacted by how unsubscribe requests are handled.

Key considerations

  • Respect Unsubscribes: Promptly honor unsubscribe requests across all mailing lists.
  • Monitor Complaints: Monitor spam complaint data using tools like Microsoft SNDS to identify and address deliverability issues.
  • Implement RFC 8058: Implement the List-Unsubscribe header according to RFC 8058 standards for a consistent unsubscribe process.
Technical article

Documentation from Validity shares that sender reputation is crucial for deliverability. Failing to honor unsubscribe requests, or having high complaint rates because people are still receiving emails after unsubscribing negatively impacts sender reputation.

January 2022 - Validity
Technical article

Documentation from RFC Editor explains that the List-Unsubscribe header provides a standardized way for recipients to unsubscribe from mailing lists. It details the expected behavior and syntax, including handling multiple options (e.g., mailto and HTTP URLs) for unsubscribing. Mailbox providers should respect the user's choice of unsubscribe method.

January 2025 - RFC Editor
Technical article

Documentation from Google explains that high spam complaint rates negatively impact sender reputation. If users continue to receive mail after unsubscribing and mark it as spam, it significantly damages deliverability. Google expects senders to honor unsubscribe requests promptly across all lists.

July 2021 - Google
Technical article

Documentation from Microsoft shares that senders should monitor their SNDS data for spam complaints. High complaint rates indicate problems with email practices, including failing to honor unsubscribe requests, which can lead to deliverability issues.

December 2021 - Microsoft